The Logic of Social Control
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The Logic of Social Control Allan V. Horwitz Ru/gers Universily New Brunswick, New Jersey
Springer Science +Business Media, LLC
Library of Congress Catalog1ng-ln-Publicat ion Data
H o r w i t z . Al lan V. The logic of social control / Allan V. Horwitz. p. en. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4899-2232-8 1. Social control. I. Title. H M 2 9 1 . H 6 7 1990 303.3'3—dc20
90-39719 CIP
This limited facsimile edition has been issued for the purpose of keeping this title available to the scientific community.
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ISBN 978-1-4899-2232-8
ISBN 978-1-4899-2230-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-2230-4 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 1990 Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1990
All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
To Colleen
Foreword Historians of the future might justifiably call our century the Century of Science." Most scientific knowledge has come into being since 1900, and most of the scientists who have ever lived are presently alive. While our understanding of old problems everywhere expands, we continually identify new problems for investigation and broaden the jurisdiction of science. Social science is thus largely a twentieth-century invention, and even scientific behavior itself is a subject of scientific inquiry. We have learned, for example, that scientific knowledge advances primarily through the establishment of what Thomas Kuhn calls "paradigms" -frameworks that identify problems for research, organize findings, and guide the elaboration of theory. We have also learned that scientific ideas, including the paradigms themselves, do not arise and proliferate by logic alone but rather by what another student of science, Derek de Solla Price, calls "invisible colleges"-social networks of scientists who participate jointly in building a common body of knowledge. The Logic of Social Control, by Allan V. Horwitz, beautifully illustrates the nature of scientific progress. Indeed, it is a model of modern sociology. The investigation of social control-how people define and respond to deviant behavior-began at the tum of the century and has continued at a steadily increasing rate across a broadening range of phenomena. First came inquiries into the evolution of law-one of the most sophisticated and controversial forms of social control in modem societies. Anthropologists discovered, however, that simpler societies often handle deviant behavior entirely without governmental institutions such as the police, courts, or legislatures, in fact, without government or law at all. Now we also recognize that even in the most complex and differentiated societies of the modem world, legal activity constitutes only a II
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small fraction of the social control in everyday life. All settings-whether families, organizations, occupations
