The Lung Air Sac System of Birds A contribution to the functional an
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omie und Entwicklungsgeschichte Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology Revues d'anatomie et de morphologie experimentale
45·6
Editores A. Brodal, Oslo· w. Hild, Ga1veston· R. Ortmann, Köln T. H. Schiebler, Würzburg.G. Töndury, Zürich .E. Wolll, Paris
Hans· Rainer Duncker
The Lung Air Sac System of Birds A contribution to the functional anatomy of the respiratory apparatus
With 41 Figures
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heide1berg GmbH 1971
Prol. Dr. Dr. H.-R. Duncker Department 01 Anatomy University 01 Gießen, Germany D-63 Gießen, Friedrichstraße 24
Habilitationsschrift, presented to and accepted by the Medical Faculty of the University of Hamburg on November 5th, 1968 The Carl Christiansen Gedächtnis-Preis Hamburg 1969 has been awarded for this thesis
ISBN 978-3-540-05659-1
ISBN 978-3-662-10354-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-10354-8
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part 01 thc material ia concerned, specifically those 01 translation, reprinting, re-use 01 illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks Under § 54 01 the German Copyright Law where copies are made lor other than private usc, s lee is paysble to the publisher, the amount 01 the lee to be determined by agreement with the publisher.
© by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1971. Library of Congress Catalog Csrd Number 75-181322 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1971 The use 01 general descriptive names, trade names, trade marks, etc. in this publication, even il the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by auyoue
Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Dr. E. Horstmann in cordial gratitude and admiration
Contents Review of literature . 7 Resulting problems . 12 Material and methods 13 Notes on terminology 18 Results . . . . . . 20 Structure of the thoracoabdominal wall . 20 Position and form of the lungs. . . . . 29 Organisation of the thoracoabdominal cavity. 33 I. The horizontal septum of the lung . . . 34 38 11. The oblique septum of the air sacs . . . IH. Position of the viscera and blood vessels 42 Extension and position of the air sacs. . . . 43 I. The cervical and impar interclavicular air sacs . 45 H. The anterior and posterior thoracic air sacs . . 51 IH. The abdominal air sac . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Topography and branchings of the bronchial system 63 I. The primary bronchus 65 H. The secondary bronchi 70 The ventrobronchi 70 The dorsobronchi . 80 The laterobronchi . 84 The saccobronchi . 87 IH. The parabronchi. . . 91 Wall structure of the bronchial system 95 I. The primary bronchus 96 98 11. The secondary bronchi . IH. The parabronchi. . . . 103 Wall structure of the air sacs 109 Structure of the horizontal and the oblique septum. 110 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 The avian lung as a system of mostly rigid tubes. . 111 The posterior air
