The Modification of Poly(metal phosphates) by Pentaerythritol
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TIONAL POLYMERS
The Modification of Poly(metal phosphates) by Pentaerythritol A. Yu. Shaulova,*, R. A. Sakovicha, E. M. Nechvolodovaa, A. V. Gracheva, E. V. Stegnoa, V. M. Lalayana, and L. A. Tkachenkoa a Semenov
Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received April 25, 2020; revised May 6, 2020; accepted May 20, 2020
Abstract—The compositions of alumoboro- and alumochromophosphate with a tetratomic alcohol, pentaerythritol, which is the component forming hydrogen and chemical bonds with the phosphate groups, are considered. The extremum dependence of the softening point on the concentration of pentaerythritol accompanied by a symbatic change in the moisture resistance is found. The heat and thermal resistance, oxygen index of the cured compositions, and bending strength of the composites reinforced by a basalt fabric are measured. The energy of the intermolecular bonds of the monomeric phosphate units with pentaerythritol is calculated, and computer modeling of the conformation of the complexes is performed. The higher chemical activity of alumochromophosphate in comparison with alumoborophosphate is determined. DOI: 10.1134/S1560090420050127
Poly(metal phosphates) being the polycondensation products of oligomeric metal phosphates belong to the class of inorganic polyoxides—polymers that found application in various industrial sectors, in particular, in the creation of widely used high-temperature materials [1–5]. At the same time, oligomers of metal phosphates being water-soluble chemically active substances may serve for the preparation of “low-melting” thermoplastics with the softening and flow points close to those of organic polymers under “mild” conditions. The low values of the temperature make it possible to execute the modification of polyoxides by organic compounds and form a new type of composites through the melts of the mixtures of inorganic and organic polymers with the application of traditional plastics processing technologies. Incombustibility and absence of harmful thermal destruction products can be named as the distinctive feature of inorganic polyoxides, while the modification by organic compounds makes it possible to control their relaxation properties and hydrolytic stability [6–9]. Incombustible and hydrolytically stable highmolecular-weight compounds based on oligomeric metal phosphates are traditionally obtained at a temperature above 250°C by polycondensation with the use of heterogeneous aqueous dispersions containing chemically active metal oxides. This work is associated with the investigation of the possibility for controlling the properties of polymers
using compounds forming strong hydrogen bonds with phosphates containing active hydroxyl groups under “milder” conditions. The possibility of using water-soluble compounds such as alcohols as the modifying reagents for oligomeric polyoxides along with amines [10, 11] has been considered. Conditions under which each of these mechanisms is impleme
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