The Neurobiology of Motivation and Reward
This book was conceived many years ago as an abstract goal for a father-son team when the father was working in university administration and the son was just getting into the academic business. Eventually, the father returned to the laboratory, the son b
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James R. Stellar Eliot Stellar
The Neurobiology of Motivation and Reward
With 66 Figures
Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg Tokyo
James R. Stellar
Eliot Stellar
Department of Psychology and Social Relations Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 U.S.A.
Department of Anatomy and Institute of Neurological Sciences University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 U.S.A.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Stellar, James. The neurobiology of motivation and reward. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Motivation (Psychology)-Physiological aspects. 2. Reward (Psychology) I. Stellar, Eliot, 1919II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Motivation-physiology. 2. Nervous System-physiology. 3. Reward. WL 102 S8235n] BF503.S82 1985 153.8 84-26729 © 1985 by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1985
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form without written permission from Springer-Verlag, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, U.S.A. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc., in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trademarks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Typeset by David E. Seham Associates Inc., Metuchen, New Jersey.
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-8034-8 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-8032-4 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4615-8032-4
To Betty, Teresa, jennifer, Liz, Chip, and Katie
Preface
This book was conceived many years ago as an abstract goal for a father-son team when the father was working in university administration and the son was just getting into the academic business. Eventually, the father returned to the laboratory, the son began to get his feet on the ground, and the goal became concrete. Now the work is finished, and our book enters the literature as, we hope, a valuable contribution to understanding the terribly complex and subtle problem of the neurobiology of motivated behaviors. We would also like the book to stand as a personal mark of a cooperative relationship between father and son. This special relationship between the authors gave us an extra dimension of pleasure in writing the book, and it would delight us if it gave anyone else an extra dimension of enjoyment from reading it. One thing we hope happens is that anyone considering a similar partnership, or simply considering entering similar fields, will take the existence of this book as encouragement. Such relationships are highly satisfying if both parties take care to protect the partnership. When we actually sat down to write the book, we were humbled by the immense literature and the smallness of both our conceived space for putting it down and of our brains for processing all the information. In some places, we consciously did not discuss a particular study or area of literature. Certainly, there are also papers we have forgotten to cite or of which we are unaware. The