The old sheep: a convenient and suitable model for senile osteopenia
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The old sheep: a convenient and suitable model for senile osteopenia Stefan Maenz1 · Olaf Brinkmann2,3 · Ines Hasenbein3 · Christina Braun3 · Elke Kunisch3 · Victoria Horbert3 · Francesca Gunnella3 · André Sachse3 · Sabine Bischoff4 · Harald Schubert4 · Klaus D. Jandt1 · Jörg Bossert1 · Dominik Driesch5 · Raimund W. Kinne3 · Matthias Bungartz2,3 Received: 15 June 2019 / Accepted: 8 March 2020 © The Japanese Society Bone and Mineral Research and Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Introduction Existing osteoporosis models in sheep exhibit some disadvantages, e.g., challenging surgical procedures, serious ethical concerns, failure of reliable induction of substantial bone loss, or lack of comparability to the human condition. This study aimed to compare bone morphological and mechanical properties of old and young sheep, and to evaluate the suitability of the old sheep as a model for senile osteopenia. Materials and methods The lumbar vertebral body L3 of female merino sheep with two age ranges, i.e., old animals (6–10 years; n = 41) and young animals (2–4 years; n = 40), was analyzed concerning its morphological and mechanical properties by bone densitometry, quantitative histomorphometry, and biomechanical testing of the corticalis and/or central spongious region. Results In comparison with young sheep, old animals showed only marginally diminished bone mineral density of the vertebral bodies, but significantly decreased structural (bone volume, − 15.1%; ventral cortical thickness, − 11.8%; lateral cortical thickness, − 12.2%) and bone formation parameters (osteoid volume, osteoid surface, osteoid thickness, osteoblast surface, all − 100.0%), as well as significantly increased bone erosion (eroded surface, osteoclast surface). This resulted in numerically decreased biomechanical properties (compressive strength; − 6.4%). Conclusion Old sheep may represent a suitable model of senile osteopenia with markedly diminished bone structure and formation, and substantially augmented bone erosion. The underlying physiological aging concept reduces challenging surgical procedures and ethical concerns and, due to complex alteration of different facets of bone turnover, may be well representative of the human condition. Keywords Senile osteopenia · Senile osteoporosis · Large animal model · Old sheep
Stefan Maenz, Olaf Brinkmann, Raimund W. Kinne and Matthias Bungartz contributed equally to this work. * Raimund W. Kinne [email protected]‑jena.de 1
Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
2
Chair of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH, Eisenberg, Germany
3
Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH, Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
4
Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences and Welfare, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
5
BioControl
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