The optimal blendings of diesel, biodiesel and gasoline with various exhaust gas recirculations for reducing NO x and sm
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The optimal blendings of diesel, biodiesel and gasoline with various exhaust gas recirculations for reducing NOx and smoke emissions from a diesel engine R.‑H. Chen1 · H.C. Ong2 · W.‑C. Wang3 Received: 25 March 2020 / Revised: 17 May 2020 / Accepted: 9 June 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract For the purpose of reducing both N Ox and smoke from diesel engine exhaust, the blendings of gasoline into diesel/biodiesel mixture were studied to determine the optimal ratio of diesel/biodiesel/gasoline at various speeds and loads under different exhaust gas recirculations (EGRs) in an electronic-controlled common-rail injection turbocharged diesel engine. With blending biodiesel, the modification of EGR suppressed the NOx emission but increased the opacity at higher load. With the increase in gasoline addition, the biodiesel proportion needs to be higher for promoting the oxidation of soot. Considering the emission reductions of opacity and N Ox, as well as the issues of cost and lubricity, it is recommended that 20% biodiesel and 5% gasoline would be the optimal blending ratio. Keywords Biodiesel · Diesel engine · Exhaust gas recirculation · Gasoline · NOx · Opacity
Introduction Renewable fuels have been promoted for reducing the dependence of fossil fuels and pollutions. Currently, biodiesel has been considered as a proper renewable fuel due to its non-toxic properties and has been widely applied as an alternative fuel in diesel engines (Erdoğan et al. 2020). The addition of biodiesel into petro-diesel increases cylinder pressure and temperature when applying in diesel engines as well as reduces the emissions of black smoke opacity (Erdoğan et al. 2020), HC and CO (Abu-Zaid 2020). However, N Ox emission would be slightly increased compared to the one with petro-diesel (Lapuerta et al. 2008), although the emission of NOx can be solved traditionally with the techniques Editorial responsibility: M. Abbaspour. * W. ‑C. Wang [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
2
School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
3
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
of ignition delay and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) (Ayhan et al. 2020). Studies have been conducted to compare the effects of oxygen content in fuel by adding 19.6%, 39.4%, 59.4% and 79.6% of the transesterified biodiesel into petrodiesel (equivalent to 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%, respectively) (Di et al. 2009) and found that higher oxygen content resulted in higher thermal efficiency and higher brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), owing to the lower heating value of biodiesel. For regular emissions, additionally, adding oxygenated fuel significantly reduces the black smoke under heavy load conditions. In terms of non-regulated gaseous emissions, higher proportion of biodiesel resulted in
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