The Overcontrol in Youth Checklist (OCYC): Behavioral and Neural Validation of a Parent-Report of Child Overcontrol in E
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The Overcontrol in Youth Checklist (OCYC): Behavioral and Neural Validation of a Parent‑Report of Child Overcontrol in Early Childhood Kirsten Gilbert1 · Deanna M. Barch1,2,3 · Joan L. Luby1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Self-control is protective against psychopathology in childhood. However, too much self-control, namely overcontrol, potentiates risk. Overcontrol is a constellation of child characteristics related to high need for control, perfectionism, inflexibility, social comparison, and performance monitoring and is a transdiagnostic risk factor associated with psychiatric disorders across the lifespan. However, there are no quick and developmentally appropriate screeners to identify overcontrol in early childhood, when overcontrol purportedly becomes stable. The current study validated the Overcontrol in Youth Checklist (OCYC) in 4–7 year old children and examined relationships with cognitive, social, and psychiatric, neural and behavioral indicators. The OCYC demonstrated good psychometrics and was associated with deficits in cognitive shifting, social functioning, and preschool psychopathology. Higher OCYC scores were associated with a blunted ΔERN, an indicator of performance monitoring in preschoolers. Findings demonstrate the OCYC to be a developmentally valid measure of overcontrol that identifies this transdiagnostic risk factor early in development. Keywords Overcontrol · Early childhood · Transdiagnostic · Behavioral inhibition · Error-related negativity
Introduction Self-control develops rapidly in early childhood, is adaptive, and is protective against onset of psychopathology [1]. A lack of self-control, or undercontrol, is widely studied in children and contributes to externalizing presentations [2]. Conversely, excessive self-control, (or, given self-control may not fully be developed in early childhood, excessive need for control), or ‘overcontrol,’ is also implicated across Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-019-00907-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Kirsten Gilbert [email protected] 1
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
2
Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Box 1125, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
3
Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Box 1125, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
internalizing presentations of child psychopathology [3, 4], but has received much less research attention. Overcontrol is associated with multiple psychiatric disorders across the lifespan, including social anxiety disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), anorexia nervosa and depression [5–7], and thus appears to be a transdiagnostically relevant construct. Overcontrol taps a desire for control, structure, perfection, and aversion to m
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