The Polish face in profile: a cephalometric baseline study
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HEAD & FACE MEDICINE
RESEARCH
Open Access
The Polish face in profile: a cephalometric baseline study Jolanta E Loster1, Stephen Williams2, Aneta Wieczorek1 and Bartłomiej W Loster2*
Abstract Background: This study reports the cephalometric evaluation of a group of adolescent Polish individuals describing dento-facial structure as well as details of incisor position and soft tissue characteristics. The results should reveal morphological features specific to Polish persons and serve as a comparative material for future diagnostic procedures. Methods: The study was based on an analysis of cephalgrams of 122 Polish adolescents average age 18years 6 months analysed in a computer system using the Kracovia composite system analysis describing dento-facial morphology ad modum Björk as well as soft tissue factors. The control material was based on published reports by Björk (Dento-facial characteristics) Riketts and Holdaway (soft tissue profile). Results: The comparative study revealed a slight reduction in the sagittal jaw relationship with a significant reduction in the vertical jaw relationship and a distinctive mandibular morphology with a reduced jaw angle and an increase in the "Beta angle". These findings were reflected in the soft tissue pattern. The soft tissue profile reflected the skeletal cephalometrics observation. Conclusion: The dento-facial profile of Polish adolescents demonstrates specific characteristics which should be taken into account when diagnosing facial form in connection with orthodontic treatment planning in particular Polish patients.
Introduction Despite many technical advances, the measurement of parameters on a two-dimensional cephalometric registration as introduced by Broadbent [1] remains an important and worthwhile element in orthodontic treatment planning. The results of the cephalometric analysis are usually expressed as angles, the value of which are often compared with tables representing average values for a given population. The aim is of course to localise possible morphological variations which could explain the biology of the given malocclusion. It is widely recognised that the value of cephalometric norms used for comparison are related to the nationality of the population on which the control material is based. Many studies have demonstrated clear morphological differences between dento-facial parameters of individuals of different ethnic background [2-4]. In describing European subjects it is quite customary to describe participants as “Caucasians”, a term which * Correspondence: [email protected] 2 Department of Orthodontics, Dental Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
could give the impression of some degree of homogeneity whereas in fact a considerable degree of variation in anatomical morphology, including craniofacial form exists. Compared with many areas of Europe the population of Poland can be considered reasonably homogenic and consequently it can be co
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