The Potential of Nanoemulsions in Biomedicine
Nanoemulsions are nano-sized oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions with a number of applications in biomedicine. Nanoemulsions are highly versatile systems, in terms of composition and physicochemical properties, which can be tailor-made using simple and
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The Potential of Nanoemulsions in Biomedicine M. Mazza, M. Alonso-Sande, M.-C. Jones, and M. de la Fuente
Abstract Nanoemulsions are nano-sized oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions with a number of applications in biomedicine. Nanoemulsions are highly versatile systems, in terms of composition and physicochemical properties, which can be tailor-made using simple and mild technologies to associate a great variety of drugs and fulfil the requirements for a wide range of pharmaceutical applications. This chapter aims to provide the reader with an overview on compositions and manufacturing methodologies and covers the most recent applications that have been reported in the field of drug delivery.
Abbreviations BCS Biopharmaceutical classification system CFC Chlorofluorocarbon CPI Catastrophic phase inversion
M. Mazza Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Science, University of Manchester, A.V Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, London M. Alonso-Sande Lipopharma Therapeutics S.L., Palma de Mallorca, Spain M.-C. Jones Pharmacy, Pharmacology, Therapeutics Section, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK M. de la Fuente (*) Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) Clinical University Hospital/SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain e-mail: [email protected] I.F. Uchegbu et al. (eds.), Fundamentals of Pharmaceutical Nanoscience, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-9164-4_6, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
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GRAS
Generally Recognised As Safe by United States’ Food and Drug Administration agency HAMPA 1 Azobenzene substituted poly(sodium acrylate) HIV Human immunodeficiency virus HLB Hydrophilic–lipophilic balance LCT Long chain triglycerides LSW Lifshitz-Slezov-Wagner MCT Medium chain triglycerides NIRF Near-Infrared Fluorescent (Imaging) O/W nanoemulsion Oil-in-water nanoemulsion PARG Polyarginine PCL Poly(ε-caprolactone) PCL-PEG Poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene oxide) PEG Poly(ethylene glycol) PELC Poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) PIC Phase inversion composition PIT Phase inversion temperature PLA Poly(lactic acid) PLA-PEG Poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene oxide) PLGA Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid PLGA-PEG Poly(lactic-co-glycolic)-poly(ethylene oxide) S:O ratio Surfactant-to-oil ratio SANS Small Angle Neutron Scattering SAXS Small Angle X-ray Scattering SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy Smix Mixing ratio of surfactant and co-surfactant TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy W/O nanoemulsion Water-in-oil nanoemulsion
6.1 N anoemulsions: Versatile Drug Carriers for Pharmaceutical Applications Emulsions are mixtures of two immiscible phases, wherein an emulsifier (surfactant) is added in the continuous or external phase to stabilise the dispersed droplets (internal phase). Emulsions are classified as oil-in-water (O/W), when oil droplet
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