The potentials of TiO 2 nanocatalyst on HMX thermolysis
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The potentials of TiO2 nanocatalyst on HMX thermolysis Sherif Elbasuney1,2 · Gharieb S. El‑Sayyad2,3 Received: 17 April 2020 / Accepted: 21 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Even though HMX is one of the most powerful highly explosive materials; HMX-based propellants demonstrated complexity of burning rate control as well as high pressure exponent (n). In addition, HMX is insensitive to common catalyst. TiO2 can offer novel catalyzing ability for HMX. Highly-crystalline, mono-dispersed T iO2 NPs of 5.0 nm particle size with proper surface area (26.87 ± 0. 36 m2/g) were fabricated using hydrothermal processing. TiO2 NPs were re-dispersed in organic solvent and effectively-integrated into HMX via co-precipitation technique; the impact of T iO2 NPs on HMX thermal behavior was investigated using DSC and TGA. T iO2 NPs exposed superior catalytic performance; the endothermic phase change of HMX at 187 °C was decreased by 43.3%. The main exothermic decomposition peak was decreased by 10 °C with enhanced total heat release by 46.7%. The catalytic performance of TiO2 NPs could be ascribed to the release of active surface ȮH radicals that could induce HMX decomposition via hydrogen abstraction. Furthermore, T iO2 NPs could adsorb evolved N O2 on its surface with surge in total heat release in condensed phase.
1 Introduction HMX is one of the most vigorous explosive materials in terms of heat output and gaseous products [1, 2]. HMX can offer large volume of gaseous products at low molecular weight [3–6]. Therefore, HMX has found wide applications in solid rocket propellant [7–9]. It was reported that HMX is insensitive to traditional catalysts [10]. The main approach that could affect thermolysis of HMX includes hydrogen atom abstraction with heterocyclic ring cleavage [11, 12]. Transition metal oxides were reported to have catalytic influence on HMX thermolysis with decrease in its onset decomposition temperature [7, 13]. Nanopowders, with increased surface areas, are promising materials for catalytic applications of different energetic systems [14]. High * Sherif Elbasuney [email protected]; [email protected] * Gharieb S. El‑Sayyad [email protected] 1
Head of Nanotechnology Research Center, Military Technical College (MTC), Cairo, Egypt
2
School of Chemical Engineering, Military Technical College (MTC), Egyptian Armed Forces, Cairo, Egypt
3
Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
catalytic effect on HMX was reported through TiO2 NPs. HMX catalyzation includes a decrease in onset decomposition temperature, high reaction rate, and decrease in pressure exponent value [15–17]. These effects could be achieved using TiO2 NPs. Enhanced catalytic performance could be accomplished with particle size decrease [18–20]. Some metal oxide nanocomposites were prepared by different green methods which are used for
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