The Process of Consensus Building
Every day a large number of surgical procedures are carried out on an increasingly aging population. There is little evidence on how drugs and techniques used in the perioperative setting can affect mortality. Furthermore, due to the complexity and magnit
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Giovanni Landoni Laura Ruggeri Alberto Zangrillo Editors
Reducing Mortality in the Perioperative Period
Giovanni Landoni Laura Ruggeri Alberto Zangrillo •
Editors
Reducing Mortality in the Perioperative Period
123
Editors Giovanni Landoni Laura Ruggeri Alberto Zangrillo Anesthesia and Intensive Care San Raffaele Hospital Milan, Italy
ISBN 978-3-319-02185-0 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-02186-7
ISBN 978-3-319-02186-7
(eBook)
Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013953271 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the PublisherCÇÖs location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Perioperative morbidity and mortality represent a public health problem. Mortality alone is over 4 % in western countries, with striking differences among centers in the same countries and among different countries. There is initial growing awareness that drugs, techniques and strategies used in the perioperative period may influence clinical relevant outcomes. Surprisingly, there is randomized evidence of survival benefit in the perioperative period for only 12 topics, while two drugs are demonstrated to increase mortality. We collected all evidences from literature and asked more than 1,000 colleagues from 77 countries to confirm t
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