The prototypes of nanozyme-based nanorobots
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Biophysics Reports
REVIEW
The prototypes of nanozyme-based nanorobots Jiaying Xie1 , Yiliang Jin1,2 , Kelong Fan1,3& , Xiyun Yan1,3& 1
CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2
School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
3
Received: 28 June 2020 / Accepted: 14 October 2020
Abstract
Artificial nanorobot is a type of robots designed for executing complex tasks at nanoscale. The nanorobot system is typically consisted of four systems, including logic control, driving, sensing and functioning. Considering the subtle structure and complex functionality of nanorobot, the manufacture of nanorobots requires designable, controllable and multi-functional nanomaterials. Here, we propose that nanozyme is a promising candidate for fabricating nanorobots due to its unique properties, including flexible designs, controllable enzyme-like activities, and nano-sized physicochemical characters. Nanozymes may participate in one system or even combine several systems of nanorobots. In this review, we summarize the advances on nanozyme-based systems for fabricating nanorobots, and prospect the future directions of nanozyme for constructing nanorobots. We hope that the unique properties of nanozymes will provide novel ideas for designing and fabricating nanorobotics.
Keywords Nanorobot, Nanozyme, Logic gate, Nanomotor, Motion control
INTRODUCTION The biomolecules created by nature are able to manipulate subtle objects at nano/micro scales, which can be considered as most ideal nanorobots existing in the world. Proteins utilize ATP to perform sophisticated functions in cells, some of which even assemble into supermolecules to finish more complex tasks perfectly. Still, the proteins have never stopped evolving since the day they were created by nature. For decades, scientists have been working on masses of researches to figure out the basic characteristics of those biomolecules; however, there are still many questions left. Nowadays, inspired by these natural nanorobots, scientists are making an endeavor to follow the intelligence of nature by building artificial nanorobots. Jiaying Xie and Yiliang Jin have contributed equally to this work. & Correspondence: [email protected] (K. Fan), [email protected] (X. Yan)
Ó The Author(s) 2020
Artificial nanorobots, the robots working at nanoscale, have been through tremendous development in recent years. Nanorobotics mainly focuses on two areas: one is the macroscale robots manipulating nanoscale materials; the other is the robots built at nanoscale (Sierra et al. 2005). The latter is capable of performing complex tasks at nanoscale, for example, manipulating atoms or molecules. Nanorobots may be programmed with specific tasks to automatically respond to the changing environment and switch their programs to execute corresponding functions (Lo
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