The psychometric properties of the workplace attachment style questionnaire
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The psychometric properties of the workplace attachment style questionnaire Fabrizio Scrima 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract Place attachment is a benchmark of environmental psychology. In general it can be understood as an emotional link between an individual and a specific place. Several studies have shown that place attachment can influence various psycho-social variables that underlie the individual’s quality of life. However, few studies have linked place attachment patterns and Bowlby’s attachment theory. The present paper describes the psychometric characteristics of the Workplace Attachment Styles Questionnaire. The first study, with 342 participants, used exploratory factor analysis to check its construct validity. The aim of the second study, with 226 participants, was to carry out a confirmatory factor analysis. The analyses identified a 15-item structure with three factors: secure, dismissive and preoccupied workplace attachment styles. This paper therefore provides the scientific community with a means of investigating different workplace attachment styles. From a theoretical point of view, it suggests ways of developing new measuring instruments adapted to specific places. Keywords Workplace attachment . Place attachment . Secure . Dismissive . Preoccupied
Introduction Attachment style (Bowlby 1972) is one of the most widely investigated psychological constructs in psychology (Clifford 2017). According to Bowlby, the need for proximity manifested by the child from the earliest days of life determines the characteristics of the relationship with the caregiver. Later studies conducted by Ainsworth (1979) confirmed the role played by attachment styles in guiding the child’s behavior. Other research has focused on the temporal stability of attachment styles. For example, longitudinal studies by Main et al. (1985) demonstrated that attachment style remained stable from infancy to the early school years. This constancy over time led scholars to study attachment styles in adulthood. Attachment theory has therefore been used to investigate individual differences in terms of emotion, cognition and behavior in a variety of life contexts in adulthood (Hazan and Shaver 1987; Noftle and Shaver 2006). In addition, several studies have extended the attachment process to various objects,
* Fabrizio Scrima [email protected] 1
Maitre de conférence en Psychologie du travail, Laboratoire CRFDP, University of Rouen Normandie, Mont Saint Aignan, France
including places (Altman and Low 1992; Scannell and Gifford 2010; Lewicka 2010; Scrima et al. 2015a, b, 2016), animals (Pralong 2004; Sakelario 2015; Crawford Crawford et al. 2006; Beck and Madresh 2008), intangible objects such as a trademark (Fournier 1998; Lacœuilhe 2000; Cristau 2001; Thomson et al. 2005; Paulssen and Fournier 2005), or material objects in the workplace (Rioux et al. 2017). Although links between these different types of attachment have been established, only in a few cases has the place at
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