The pyroelectric energy harvesting and storage performance around the ferroelectric/antiferroelectric transition in PNZS
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The pyroelectric energy harvesting and storage performance around the ferroelectric/antiferroelectric transition in PNZST Satyanarayan Patel1,* 1 2
and Nikola Novak2
Discipline of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India Jozˇef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Received: 5 August 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 18 September 2020
The waste thermal/heat energy harvesting can contribute to more sustainable and efficient energy systems. The high energy harvesting and storage are indispensable with considering ferroelectric/antiferroelectric materials. In this work, Pb0.99Nb0.02[(Zr0.57Sn0.43)0.92Ti0.08]0.98O3 (PNZST) is studied for high energy density (harvesting and storage). The Olsen cycle is performed on the materials for direct thermal/waste heat to electrical energy conversion. A large energy harvesting density of 1.0 MJ/m3 per cycle was obtained at temperatures of 303 and 403 K, cycling the electric field between 1 and 9 kV/mm. An estimated high energy harvesting is a result of the polarization change due to the ferroelectric (rhombohedral) to antiferroelectric (tetragonal) phase transition. The high energy storage of 0.9 J/m3 and energy efficiency of 81% were obtained at 403 K under an electric field of 9 kV/mm. The results will enrich our understanding of PNZST materials that offer high-performance energy harvesting and storage-based applications. This work can also be helpful in improving energy harvesting density via phase transition behaviors.
Published online: 12 October 2020
Ó
Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Introduction Research and development in the direction of waste thermal energy harvesting can contribute to more sustainable and efficient energy utilization [1]. Hence, in recent years waste thermal/heat recovery or reuse has attracted considerable interest [2, 3]. According to the second law of thermodynamics, the waste Handling Editor: Till Froemling.
Address correspondence to E-mail: [email protected]
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05353-4
thermal energy is an unavoidable by-product of all power, refrigeration and heat pump cycles [4]. Most of the wasted energy is in the form of low-grade heat that can be harvested by employing thermodynamic cycles such as Stirling [5] and organic Rankine cycles [6, 7]. By using these thermodynamic cycles, the lowgrade thermal energy can be converted into mechanical energy. However, in the case of material
1134 based a direct conversion from thermal energy to electrical energy is mainly governed by thermoelectric (Seebeck) [8] and pyroelectric effects [3, 9]. Thermoelectric devices convert a thermal to electrical energy by keeping the steady-state temperature gradient at the junction of two dissimilar metals or semiconductors [8]. However, pyroelectric materials convert temporal temperature oscillation and/or stress gradient directly into electrical energy [3, 10–12]. The working cycle of pyroelectric materials and the efficiency of a t
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