The Race for the White House from Reagan to Clinton Reforming Old Sy

The Race for the White House from Reagan to Clinton provides a foundation for how the presidential nomination process and the presidential election process have changed over the past three decades by addressing a number of important questions about the no

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Also by Anthony J. Bennett The American President’s Cabinet: from Kennedy to Bush (1996)

The Race for the White House from Reagan to Clinton Reforming Old Systems, Building New Coalitions ANTHONY J. BENNETT THE PURSUIT

OF THE

PRESIDENCY

VOLUME I

THE RACE FOR THE WHITE HOUSE FROM REAGAN TO CLINTON

Copyright © Anthony J. Bennett, 2013. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-1-137-26859-4 All rights reserved. First published in 2013 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.

ISBN 978-1-349-44349-9 ISBN 978-1-137-26860-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137268600 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bennett, Anthony J., 1950– author. The race for the White House from Reagan to Clinton: reforming old systems, building new coalitions / Anthony J. Bennett. volumes cm 1. Presidents—United States—Elections—History— 20th century. I. Title. JK1976.B457 2013 324.973⬘092—dc23

2012034859

A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: February 2013 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

To Sue for her love, patience, and unstinting support

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Contents List of Figures and Tables

ix

Preface

xi

1. The Making of the Process

1

2. 1980: “A New Beginning”

19

3. 1984: “It’s Morning Again in America”

53

4. 1988: “Read My Lips: No New Taxes”

85

5. 1992: “It’s the Economy, Stupid!”

123

6. 1996: “A Bridge to the Twenty-First Century”

161

7. Reforming Old Systems, Building New Coalitions

187

Appendix A: Presidential Election Results by State: 1980–1996

213

Appendix B: States Giving Republican Presidential Candidate More Than 50 Percent of the Vote: 1980–1996

215

Appendix C: States Giving Democratic Presidential Candidate More Than 50 Percent of the Vote: 1980–1996

217

Notes

219

Select Bibliography

233

Index

237

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Figures and Tables FIGURES 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 6.1

Electoral College vote winners by state, 1980 Electoral College vote winners by state, 1984 Electoral College vote winners by state, 1988 Electoral College vote winners by state, 1992 Electoral College vote winners by state, 1996

42 79 117 154 181

Tables 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 6.1 7.1 7.2 7.3

States in which both parties held caucuses: 1980 and 1996 compared National party convention venues: 1980–1996 Popular and Electoral College votes: 1980–1996 Republican presidential pr