The rainfall erosion mechanism of high and steep slopes in loess tablelands based on experimental methods and optimized
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The rainfall erosion mechanism of high and steep slopes in loess tablelands based on experimental methods and optimized control measures Mingli Li 1
&
Xiaochao Zhang 1 & Zongji Yang 2 & Tao Yang 3 & Xiangjun Pei 1
Received: 16 June 2019 / Accepted: 20 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The geological integrity of the Loess Plateau is extremely weak. Following the concept and goal of harmonious co-existence between the human race and geo-environment, first, the high and steep slopes of the loess tableland located in a typical ecological restoration area (in Yan’an city, northern Shanxi) were selected as the demonstration area for studying disaster prevention and control. The research adopted new loess curing agents combined with turf transplant techniques to modify and remediate a loess slope. Considering that indoor artificial rainfall tests have the advantages of controlled initial conditions and rainfall processes, this study carried out several physical experiments under different rainfall intensity conditions (60 mm/h, 120 mm/h, 150 mm/h, and 180 mm/h), revealing the dynamic evolution of loess tableland slope erosion, refining the response relation between subsurface physical and mechanical parameters (pore water pressure and moisture content), surface deformation, and rainfall intensity. Based on the perspective of water control, on the one hand, the experimental results showed that the application of improved loess and new technology can successfully decrease the erosion due to slope runoff. On the other hand, hypotonic materials slow down the vertical infiltration of surface water and prevent soil and water loss. Meanwhile, the practice of turf transplant achieves the goal of ecological restoration. Keywords Loess tableland . High and steep slope . Artificial rainfall test . Erosion mechanism . Improved loess . Water control
Introduction Yan’an city, located on the Loess Plateau in northern Shanxi Province, has a fragile ecological environment and a dry-cold climate. The extremely strong water sensitivity and fragile structure of loess cause loess catastrophes; rainfall is the leading cause of disaster (Takahashi 2015; Wang 1998), while raindrop erosion and confluence scour will cause large areas
* Mingli Li [email protected] * Xiaochao Zhang [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
2
Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
3
Chengdu Center of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology of Sichuan Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Chengdu, China
to undergo soil and water loss or cause collapse settlement, landsliding, collapse instability, and other major loess disasters (Peng et al. 2015; Zheng et al. 2014; Bryan 2000). Liu et al. (2010) developed a mathematical model for simulating runoff ge
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