The Ratio between Primary Production Values of Lake and Terrestrial Ecosystems
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RAL BIOLOGY
The Ratio between Primary Production Values of Lake and Terrestrial Ecosystems V. V. Bouliona,* Presented by Academician O.N. Pugachev Received March 10, 2020; revised March 17, 2020; accepted March 19, 2020
Abstract—At low latitudes (i.e., in the equatorial zone), the primary production of lake ecosystems is comparable with the plant production in their water catchment areas. In contrast, at high latitudes, the primary production of lake ecosystems is less than the primary terrestrial production approximately by two orders of magnitude. This paper addresses the reason behind the different reactions of the terrestrial and lake ecosystems to external factors determined by the geographical zone. Computational experiments show that in accordance with van’t Hoff’s rule, at high latitudes featuring low temperatures and higher humidity, the plant matter decomposition rates in lake basins are lower in comparison with low latitudes. The lower decomposition rates slow down the release and outflow into the water of nutrients essential for the organic matter production by aquatic autotrophs. Keywords: primary production, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, geographical zoning, environmental factors DOI: 10.1134/S0012496620040018
Abiotic factors affecting the primary production of lakes and surrounding lands are closely related to the geographical zone (including the latitudinal, longitudinal, and altitudinal zonation). Brylinsky and Mann were the first to analyze the primary production of continental water bodies in relation to the geographical latitude on the basis of data collected in the framework of the International Biological Program [1]. The authors have processed data on 43 lakes and 12 reservoirs and established that their annual primary production increases from 35 kcal/m2 at high latitudes (74° N, Lake Char, Canada) to 12000 kcal/m2 at low latitudes (10–12° N, lakes and reservoirs of India). However, despite the broad range of primary production values, their correlation with the geographical latitude is weak (R2 = 0.56). Based on more extensive data encompassing water bodies located between 2° N (Lake George, Uganda) to 81° N (a lake on Heiss Island, Franz Josef Land), it has been established that the geographical latitude (Lat) explains up to 60% of variability in the primary plankton production (Pphp) [2]. The analysis of the same data has shown [2] that the relationship between the Pphp, kcal/(m2 year), and Lat, ° N, becomes strona Zoological
Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
ger if the Lat value is used as the argument in a modified form (Fig. 1):
logPphp = –1.86(90/(90 – Lat ))0.5 + 5.81. After exponentiation, the equation looks as follows:
Pphp = 647 461exp(–4.29((90/(90 – Lat ))0.5). n = 63,
(1)
R 2 = 0.74.
If the empiric data are used in the above form, then the latitudinal zonation explains 74% of the Pphp variability. It is necessary to note that, by its predictive power, this correlation is nearly on par with wellknown mod
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