Global Change and Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems
Global warming is likely to have the greatest impact at high latitudes, making the Arctic an important region both for detecting global climate change and for studying its effects on terrestrial ecosystems. The chapters in this volume address current and
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Edited by M.M. Caldwell, Logan, USA G. Heldmaier, Marburg, Germany O.L. Lange, Wiirzburg, Germany H.A. Mooney, Stanford, USA E.-D. Schulze, Bayreuth, Germany U. Sommer, Kiel, Germany
Ecological Studies Volumes published since 1989 are listed at the end of this book.
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Walter C. Oechel Terry Callaghan Tagir Gilmanov Jarle 1. Holten Barrie Maxwell Ulf Molau Bjartmar Sveinbj6msson Editors
Global Change and Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems With 132 Illustrations
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Springer
Walter C. Oechel Global Change Research Group San Diego State University San Diego, CA 92182 USA
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Oechel, W.e. Global change and arctic terrestrial ecosystems/Walter e. Oechel. p. cm.-(Ecological studies; v. 124) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-7468-1 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4612-2240-8
e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-2240-8
1. Climatic changes-Arctic regions. 2. Land use-Environmental aspects-Arctic regions. 3. Ecology-Environmental aspects-Arctic regions. I. Title. II. Series. QC981.8.C5033 1996 574.5'2621-dc20 96-11797 Printed on acid-free paper. © 1997 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1997 All rights reserved. ThiS work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc., in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Production coordinated by Chernow Editorial Services, Inc., and managed by Karen Phillips; manufacturing supervised by Jeffrey Taub. Typeset by Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong. 9 8 7 6 5 432 1 SPIN 10475697
Preface: Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems: The GCTE Research Programme for the Arctic
Compared with most other biomes, arctic terrestrial ecosystems are relatively constant over time. They are strongly dominated by temperature which varies less from year to year than does precipitation-a dominant influence on the dynamics of other systems. Given that global warming is expected to result in relatively faster and greater changes in high latitudes, global change will have a particularly strong impact on arctic terrestrial ecosystems. The arctic will therefore be a most important region for detecting global change (the signal-to-noise ratio will be strong, because the signal will be bigger and the background variation is relatively low). It will also be importa
