The Relationship between Dietary Calcium and the Activity of Digestive Enzymes in Broiler Chicks
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The Relationship between Dietary Calcium and the Activity of Digestive Enzymes in Broiler Chicks V. G. Vertiprakhova, *, I. V. Kislovaa, and N. V. Ovchinnikovaa aAll-Russia
Research and Technological Poultry Institute, Sergiev Posad, Moscow oblast, 141311 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received March 16, 2020; revised April 1, 2020; accepted April 17, 2020
Abstract—Activity of digestive enzymes and certain biochemical parameters in the native and freeze-dried duodenal digesta and freeze-dried ileal digesta were studied in a chronic experiment in broiler chicks with chronic duodenal or ileal fistulae fed with various calcium doses. The results show that the amylase activity after freeze-drying in the control group increases 5.7-fold, the lipase activity 11.6-fold, and the activity of total proteases 8.2-fold. For alkaline phosphatase, the increase in activity is 15.9-fold. The calcium level after freeze drying increases 11.4-fold and the phosphorus content 17.7-fold. The cholesterol level after drying is 4.8-fold higher. As calcium levels in the diet of broilers decrease from 0.9 to 0.8%, the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the duodenal digesta increases by 35.1% compared with the control group (p ≤ 0.05). Therefore, freeze drying changes the enzymatic activity and the content of minerals in the chyme unevenly. When the level of calcium in the diet changes, the activity of amylase, lipase, proteases, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus, and cholesterol in the ileal content is shown to adapt, which can be used to diagnose intestinal health of poultry in new test systems. Keywords: digestive enzymes, broiler chicks, duodenal chyme, ileal digesta, chyme freeze-drying DOI: 10.3103/S1068367420050213
Calcium metabolism is more intensive in poultry as compared to mammals. Calcium is an essential element for the formation of bone tissue and it guarantees bone strength in optimal amounts [1]. Entering the intestines with food, calcium, reaching the glycocalyx layer, is transported through the epithelial cell membrane by the principle of passive diffusion. Calciumbinding protein is the carrier of calcium during absorption of the latter in enterocytes of the small intestine [2]. It is known that most of the intestinal contents are digestive juices, which have high biological activity due to enzymes. Minerals in the fluid that provides enteral homeostasis interact with digestive enzymes. The results of chronic experiments on laying hens of the Hisex White cross with pancreatic duct fistulae show that changes in dietary calcium levels affect the exocrine function of the pancreas, which adapts by increasing the volume of pancreatic juice and altering the activity of lipase and total proteases in its composition [3]. Changes in dietary calcium levels in laying hens are reflected in basal alkaline phosphatase activity. In experiments in vivo [4], a negative correlation was found between proteases and alkaline phosphatase activity (r = –0.87) as well as between proteases and the total calcium content i
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