The Relationship Between Maternal Self-confidence and Postpartum Depression in Primipara Mothers: A Follow-Up Study
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The Relationship Between Maternal Self‑confidence and Postpartum Depression in Primipara Mothers: A Follow‑Up Study Sibel Aydemir1 · Nevin Onan2 Received: 8 December 2019 / Accepted: 13 February 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This follow-up study was performed in order to determine the relationship between maternal self-confidence and postpartum depression in primipara mothers over time. It was conducted between February and December 2017 with 82 primipara mothers. Data was collected using Participant information forms, The Pharis Self-confidence Scale (PSCS), and The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPPDS) in three phases in the 6th postpartum week (1st follow up), 10th week (2nd follow up), and 14th week (3rd follow up) and was evaluated using independent t test, Pearson correlation analysis, the Cochran’s Q test, and Repeated Measures ANOVA. The mean PSCS scores were found to be 42.6 ± 6.27 in the 1st follow up, 50.3 ± 5.12 in the 2nd follow up, and 55.9 ± 4.05 in the 3rd follow up. EPPDS mean scores were found to be 8.98 ± 5.04 in the 1st follow up, 5.18 ± 3.63 in the 2nd follow up, and 2.09 ± 2.12 in the 3rd follow up. A negative and strong relationship between maternal self-confidence and postpartum depression continuing across follow up phases was found. Keywords Primipara mothers · Maternal self-confidence · Postpartum · Depression
Introduction The postpartum period is a critical period for the protection and continuity of the well-being of the mother and her baby in the long term and many mothers try to cope with the physical, social, and psychological changes that occur in the process of pregnancy and childbirth (Aber et al. 2013; Burgut et al. 2013). In this period, the mother can experience important difficulties and faces new developmental and physical responsibilities (Koc and Ergol 2018). Primipara mothers, who have less experience than multipara mothers in maternal care, have more difficulties This study is a master’s thesis in the Department of Nursing of the Institute of Health Sciences of Karabuk University by Sibel AYDEMİR. * Nevin Onan [email protected] Sibel Aydemir [email protected] 1
Vocational School of Health Services, Karabuk University, Karabük, Turkey
Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karabuk University, Demir‑Çelik Kampüsü, 78050 Karabük, Turkey
2
regarding these responsibilities (Başer et al. 2005). It has been reported that there was an increase in the needs of mothers regarding self-care and maternal care in the first 6 weeks after childbirth, and the anxiety levels of primipara mothers regarding maternal care have been reported to be high (Matthies et al. 2017). Primipara mothers tend to show lower levels of maternal confidence and higher levels of stress than multiparous mothers (Kristensen et al. 2018). Maternal self-confidence has been defined in the literature as a mother’s ability to undertake the care of her baby or her ability to correctly int
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