The Release Behavior, Biocompatibility and Physical Properties of Ald-loaded Strontium Doped Calcium Phosphate Cement
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Journal of Bionic Engineering http://www.springer.com/journal/42235
The Release Behavior, Biocompatibility and Physical Properties of Ald-loaded Strontium Doped Calcium Phosphate Cement Maryam Mohammadi1, Sayed Mahmood Rabiee1*, Saeed Hesaraki2 1. Department of Materials Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol 71167-47148, Iran 2. Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj 3177983634, Alborz, Iran
Abstract The effect of concurrent attendance of two inhibitors of bone degradation, namely Alendronate (Ald) sodium trihydrate and Strontium (Sr), on Calcium Phosphate Cement (CPC) characteristics was explored. To this aim, 5 wt% Strontium and 21 mM Alendronate sodium trihydrate were used in calcium phosphate cement and setting time, ion and drug release were analyzed. RAW264.7 and G cell were cultured on cement samples and Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and MTT assay were studied. The results of structural analysis indicated that 21 mM Ald did not let the cement set. Therefore, colloidal silica was added to the cement formula and successfully decreased the setting time. In vitro tests showed Sr-loaded sample had a greater inhibitory effect on biocompatibility of G cells than Ald-loaded and Sr-Ald-loaded samples. In addition, the findings about osteoblast MTT and ALP activity indicated that Sr was more effective in osteogenic activity of G cells. The simultaneous presence of Ald and Sr in Calcium Phosphate Cement (CPC) was not as effective in its biocompatibility as the presence of Sr alone. Keywords: calcium phosphate cements, drug release, alendronate sodium trihydrate, strontium, RAW264.7 cell, G cell Copyright © The author(s) 2020.
1 Introduction Osteoporosis is well known for deteriorating bone structure and causing low bone mass. This disease is expected to be a gradually growing universal medical issue with population ageing. Osteoporosis exerts a great influence on life quality by significantly increasing the probability of hip bone fracture, distal forearm, and vertebrae[1–3]. Using injectable bone cement in minimally invasive surgery for treating bone defect or stabilizing osteoporosis has significant clinical prospects[3–5]. Calcium Phosphate Cement (CPC) is a new generation of injectable bone cements regarded as a material with capabilities for bone defect treatment with excellent bioactivity, osteotransductivity, and biocompatibility. CPC can be the best substitute for hard tissues since, after implantation, it rapidly integrates into the bone structure and becomes a new bone[5–8]. Using CPCs as a local carrier for drugs like antibiotics, antitumors, osteoporosis, and growth factors can also be an option in extended treatments to accelerate bone healing[9–11]. Adding drugs to CPCs probably im*Corresponding author: Sayed Mahmood Rabiee E-mail: [email protected]
pacts the general physicochemical characteristics of cement, e.g., setting time, mechanical strength, rheological properties, and the microst
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