The role of natural killer T cells in B cell malignancies
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REVIEW
The role of natural killer T cells in B cell malignancies Ghasem Ghalamfarsa & Abolghasem Hadinia & Mehdi Yousefi & Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
Received: 20 January 2013 / Accepted: 7 March 2013 / Published online: 19 March 2013 # International Society of Oncology and BioMarkers (ISOBM) 2013
Abstract Little is known regarding the precise role of different subsets of natural killer T (NKT) cells in the immunopathogenesis of cancer diseases, particularly hematopoietic malignancies. Although it is well known that NKT cells counteract tumor immunity, conflicting reports on the role of NKT cells in hematopoietic malignancies support more investigations to clarify the interactions between NKT cells and the tumor. Among the hematopoietic malignancies, B cell malignancies derive from different stages of B cell maturation in which T cells play a pivotal role. There is evidence which implies the protective role of some subsets of NKT cells in solid cancers as well as B cell malignancies. In this review, we will discuss recent advances about the immunobiology of NKT cells and their precise role in the immunopathogenesis and treatment of different B cell malignancies. Keywords Natural killer T cells . NKT . B cell malignancies . Lymphoma . Leukemia
Introduction Adaptive immune responses play an important role in the control and prevention of tumor progression. Among the adaptive immune cells, T cells are the main responders in G. Ghalamfarsa : A. Hadinia Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran M. Yousefi Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran F. Jadidi-Niaragh (*) Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155, Iran e-mail: [email protected] F. Jadidi-Niaragh e-mail: [email protected]
anti-tumor immune responses [1]. In recent years, several T cell-based immunotherapies have been performed in different cancer diseases, however, majority of them were disappointing [2]. Natural killer T (NKT) cells are the subsets of T cells that seem to be effective in treatment of solid tumors [3]. Study on different solid tumors has been substantiated the protective role of some subsets of NKT cells in cancer diseases [4]. However, in B cell malignancies, the malignant cell itself is an immune cell which complicates the cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, identification of cells that can interact and effectively kill malignant cells may open a new horizon for designing the new therapeutic approaches for cancer therapy. Recent reports suggest NKT cells as new immunotherapeutic tools which may be effective in several cancers, particularly B cells-derived malignancies [5]. It is not well known that how this small population of T cells with restricted T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire can have such a broad spectrum of effect in pathologic condition and particularly cancer disease. A part of the answer has been provided by reports demonstrating
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