The role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in cancer metabolism
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The role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in cancer metabolism Tianshui Sun1, Zhuonan Liu2 and Qing Yang1*
Abstract Metabolic reprogramming, including enhanced biosynthesis of macromolecules, altered energy metabolism, and maintenance of redox homeostasis, is considered a hallmark of cancer, sustaining cancer cell growth. Multiple signaling pathways, transcription factors and metabolic enzymes participate in the modulation of cancer metabolism and thus, metabolic reprogramming is a highly complex process. Recent studies have observed that ubiquitination and deubiquitination are involved in the regulation of metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells. As one of the most important type of post-translational modifications, ubiquitination is a multistep enzymatic process, involved in diverse cellular biological activities. Dysregulation of ubiquitination and deubiquitination contributes to various disease, including cancer. Here, we discuss the role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in the regulation of cancer metabolism, which is aimed at highlighting the importance of this post-translational modification in metabolic reprogramming and supporting the development of new therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. Keywords: Ubiquitination, Deubiquitination, Cancer, Metabolic reprogramming
Background Metabolic pathways are of vital importance in proliferating cells to meet their demands of various macromolecules and energy [1]. Compared with normal cells, cancer cells own malignant properties, such as increased proliferation rate, and reside in environments short of oxygen and nutrient. Correspondingly, metabolic activities are altered in cancer cells to support their malignant biological behaviors and to adapt to stressful conditions, such as nutrient limitation and hypoxia [1]. Cancer metabolism is an old field of research. Warburg effect observed in the 1920s provides a classical example of metabolic reprogramming in cancer [2]. In the past few decades, enhanced biosynthesis of macromolecules, altered energy metabolism, and maintenance of redox homeostasis have been observed to be essential features of cancer metabolism. Altered metabolism in cancer * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
cells have aroused increasing attention and interest [3]. Because of the generality of metabolic alterations in cancer cells, metabolic reprogramming is thought as hallmark of cancer, providing basis for tumor diagnosis and treatment [1]. For instance, the application of 18Fdeoxyglucose positron emission tomography is based on tumor cells’ characteristic of increased glucose consumption [4]. Inhibition of some metabolic enzymes, such as L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain (LDH-A), have been observed to regress established tumors [5, 6]. Therefore, research of metabolic reprogramming is
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