Role of calcitonin gene-related peptide in energy metabolism
- PDF / 620,249 Bytes
- 11 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 94 Downloads / 210 Views
REVIEW
Role of calcitonin gene-related peptide in energy metabolism William Gustavo Lima1 Gleuber Henrique Marques-Oliveira1 Thaís Marques da Silva1 Valéria Ernestânia Chaves 1 ●
●
●
Received: 23 May 2017 / Accepted: 22 August 2017 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017
Abstract Purpose Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide produced by alternative tissue-specific splicing of the primary transcript of the CALC genes. CGRP is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system, as well as in several organs and tissues. The presence of CGRP in the liver and brown and white adipose tissue suggests an effect of this neuropeptide on regulation of energy homeostasis. Methods In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the effect of CGRP on the control of energy metabolism, primarily focusing on food intake, thermoregulation and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, liver and muscle. Results CGRP induces anorexia, stimulating anorexigenic neuropeptide and/or inhibiting orexigenic neuropeptide expression, through cAMP/PKA pathway activation. CGRP also induces energy expenditure, increasing the skin temperature and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. It has been also suggested that information related to peripheral lipid stores may be conveyed to the brain via CGRP-sensory innervation from adipose tissue. More recently, it was demonstrated that mice lacking αCGRP are protected from obesity induced by high-fat diet and that CGRP regulates the content of lipid in liver, muscle and adipose tissue. Conclusions It is unclear the receptor responsible by CGRP effects, as well as whether this neuropeptide acts directly or indirectly in liver, muscle and adipose tissue.
* Valéria Ernestânia Chaves [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Physiology, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Keywords Food intake Thermoregulation Lipid metabolism Obesity Hypothalamus TRPV1 ●
●
●
●
●
Abbreviations ACC Acetyl-CoA carboxylase AM Adrenomedullin AMY Amylin AMPK AMP-dependent protein kinase BMI Body mass index CGRP Calcitonin gene-related peptide cAMP 3′,5′-Cyclic adenosine monophosphate CLR Calcitonin receptor-like receptor CTR calcitonin receptor Cys Cysteine EC50 Half-maximal effect FFA Free fatty acid H&E haematoxylin and eosin IBAT Interscapular brown adipose tissue RAMP Receptor activity-modifying proteins TAG Triacylglycerol TRPV1 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 UCP Uncoupling protein
Introduction The calcitonin family of peptides includes, beyond calcitonin, two isoforms of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) [1, 2], named as αCGRP and βCGRP [3], amylin (AMY) or islet amyloid polypeptide [4], adrenomedullin (AM) [5] and AM2 or intermedin [6, 7]. CGRP are neuropeptides containing 37 amino acids with an intrachain disulfite bridge involving the Cys2 and Cys7 residues [8, 9].
Endocrine
The two isoforms of human CGRP differ only by three amino acids [2], while the difference between human and rat occurs in four r
Data Loading...
