The Science of Badminton: Game Characteristics, Anthropometry, Physiology, Visual Fitness and Biomechanics
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REVIEW ARTICLE
The Science of Badminton: Game Characteristics, Anthropometry, Physiology, Visual Fitness and Biomechanics Michael Phomsoupha • Guillaume Laffaye
Ó Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
Abstract Badminton is a racket sport for two or four people, with a temporal structure characterized by actions of short duration and high intensity. This sport has five events: men’s and women’s singles, men’s and women’s doubles, and mixed doubles, each requiring specific preparation in terms of technique, control and physical fitness. Badminton is one of the most popular sports in the world, with 200 million adherents. The decision to include badminton in the 1992 Olympics Game increased participation in the game. This review focuses on the game characteristics, anthropometry, physiology, visual attributes and biomechanics of badminton. Players are generally tall and lean, with an ectomesomorphic body type suited to the high physiological demands of a match. Indeed, a typical match characteristic is a rally time of 7 s and a resting time of 15 s, with an effective playing time of 31 %. This sport is highly demanding, with an average heart rate (HR) of over 90 % of the player’s maximal HR. The intermittent actions during a game are demanding on both the aerobic and anaerobic systems: 60–70 % on the aerobic system and approximately 30 % on the anaerobic system, with greater demand on the alactic metabolism with respect to the lactic anaerobic metabolism. The shuttlecock has an atypical trajectory, and the players perform specific movements such as lunging and jumping, and powerful strokes using a specific pattern of movement. Lastly, badminton players are visually fit, picking up accurate visual information in a short time. Knowledge of badminton can help to improve coaching and badminton skills.
M. Phomsoupha (&) G. Laffaye Laboratoire Controˆle Moteur et Perception, UR CIAMS–Motor Control and Perception Group, Sport Sciences Department, Universite´ Paris-Sud, Baˆt. 335, 91405 Orsay, CEDEX, France e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Key Points Badminton is a highly demanding game characterized by intermittent actions, with energy being provided by both the aerobic (60–70 %) and anaerobic (30 %) systems. Elite players are able to launch the shuttlecock at high velocity due to the efficiency of a sequential proximo-distal joint action chain combined with the use of racket deflection. Badminton players are visually fit, picking up accurate visual information in a short period of time.
1 Introduction Badminton is one of the most popular sports in the world, with 200 million adherents [1]. Originating in China and created in England [2], it is the national sport of various Asian countries. It can be practiced by anyone regardless of age or experience [3, 4], and is the fastest racket game [5– 10]. Performance factors in badminton are many-fold, revealing the sport’s complexity. Badminton is characterized by high-intensity, intermittent actions. This sport has five event
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