The Second Economy in Marxist States
This book analyses and compares the unofficial economies and their control in ten marxist states: the USSR, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, Cuba, Nicaragua, China, Angola and Tanzania. It provides a vivid, mosaic-like panorama of the hidden economie
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Also by Maria l-os
ASPIRATIONS AND MILIEU ATTITUDES OF POLISH SOCIETY TOWARDS MORALITY AND LAW (co-author with A. Podgorecki, J. Kurczewski and J. K wainiewski) WELFARE AND JUSTICE MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SOCIOLOGY (co-author with A. Podgorecki) COMMUNIST IDEOLOGY, LAW AND CRIME: A Comparative View of the USSR and Poland
The Second Economy in Marxist States Edited by
Mariat.os Professor at the Department of Criminology University of Ottawa Canada
Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 978-1-349-20424-3 ISBN 978-1-349-20422-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-20422-9
© Maria Los, 1990
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1990 978-0-333-43758-2
All rights reserved. For information, write: Scholarly and Reference Division, St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 FifthAvenue, NewYork, N.Y. 10010 First published in the United States of America in 1990 ISBN 978-0-312-03112-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Second economy in Marxist states I edited by Maria Los. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-312-03112-1 1. Informal sector (Economics)--Communist countries. 2. Informal sector (Economics)-Europe, Eastern. I. Los, Maria. HD2346.C725S43 1990 381--dc19 89-30612 CIP
Dedicated to the memory of Adam Los (1905-62)
Contents List of Tables Acknowledgements Notes on the Contributors
ix X
xii
1 Introduction
1
Maria Los
2 The Second Economy in the Soviet Union Louise I. Shelley
3 The Dynamics of the Second Economy in Poland Maria Los
4 The Second Economy in Hungary Istvan Kemeny
5 The Second Economy in Romania Horst Brezinski and Paul Petersen
6 Unofficial Economic Activities in Yugoslavia Ivo Bicanic
7 The Cuban Second Economy in Perspective
Raymond J. Michalowski and Marjorie S. Zatz
11
27 50 69
85 101
8 The Second Economy in Nicaragua is the Second Front: Washington's Efforts to Destabilise any Succeeding American Revolution W. Gordon West
9 The Second Economy in Socialist China XinRen
122 141
10 The Second Economy in Angola: Esquema and Candonga Daniel dos Santos
157
11 The Second Economy in Tanzania: its Emergence and Strategies of Control AndrewS. Z. Kiondo vii
175
viii
Contents
12 Dynamic Relationships of the First and Second Economies in Old and New Marxist States Maria Los
193
Index
231
List of Tables 5.1
The share of private livestock, private meat production and other agricultural products (1970--85)
72
6.1
Negative features of the immediate working environment as perceived by the adult population
92
6.2
Citizens of Yugoslavia found guilty of criminal offences against the economy (1976-86)
96
8.1
Police-recorded criminal occurrences
126
9.1
The result of 'New Democratic Reform'
143
9.2
Mobility of labour in economic structure (1949-57)
144
ix
Acknowledgements I acknowledge with thanks a research grant from the Solicitor General of Canada which enabled me to secure the help of a research assistant, Wanda Jamieson, who helped with the data collection, co-ordination and editing of this book. I appreciate very much her contribution to this project. The work on the
