The Struggle of Islam in Modern Indonesia
With deep interest I have followed the Indonesian people's fight for freedom and independence from 1945 onwards. This interest has come to be centred in particular on the question of how religions, especially Islam, were involved in this struggle, and wha
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Yanda mata untuk sahabat 2 ku di Indonesia
VERHANDELINGEN VAN HET KONINKLIJK INSTITUUT VOOR TAAL-, LAND- EN VOLKENKUNDE
59 THE STRUGGLE OF ISLAM IN MODERN INDONESIA
B. J. BOLAND
SLIGHTL Y REVISED REPRINT
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
© Copyright 1982 by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Origina11y published by Koninklijk 1nstituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, in 1982 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover lst edition 1982 Leiden, the Netherlands. AII rights reserved, including the right to translate or to reproduce this book or parts thereot in any torm. ISBN 978-94-011-7897-6 DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-7895-2
ISBN 978-94-011-7895-2 (eBook)
PREFACE
With deep interest I have followed the Indonesian people's fight for freedom and independence from 1945 onwards. This interest has come to be centred in particular on the question of how religions, especially Islam, were involved in this struggle, and what role they would fulfil in the new Indonesia. After having lived and worked in Indonesia from 1946 to the end of 1959, I was twice more enabled to yisit I ndonesia thanks to grants from the Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research (WOTRO). It was during these sojourns in particular, from May to October 1966 and from February to July 1969, that the material for this study was collected, supplemented and checked. For the help I received during these visits I am greatly indebted to so many Indonesian informants that it is impossible to mention them all. Moreover, some of them would not appreciate being singled out by name. But while offering them these general thanks I am thinking of them all individually. In spite of all the help given and patience shown me, this publication is bound to be full of shortcomings. An older Muslim friend, however, once encouraged me by reminding me that perfection belongs only to God (al-kamal li'llah). Nevertheless, I should like to offer my apologies for errors and mistakes; I would appreciate it if readers drew my attention to them. This treatise on Islam in Indonesia is written by someone who is, indeed, neither a Muslim nor an Indonesian, but who honestly wishes to make a contribution to mutual understanding and respect between people whose lives are determined by different cultural and religious backgrounds. In trying to understand each other we cannot avoid asking each other questions, sometimes critical questions, perhaps even "awkward" questions. It should, however, be borne in mind that the author, as a Christian theologian, would be just as much prepared to ask such questions concerning Christianity and its doctrines, and concerning the life of the Churches and of Christians themselves.
VI
PREFACE
A few remarks of a technical nature must be made here. Firstly, for the transliteration of Arabic words the system of the Encyclopaedia of Islam has been followed; where one Arabic letter has to be transliterated with two roman letters (th, dj, kh, dh, sh, gh), for reasons of cost they have not been underlined. However, when Arabic words
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