The study of the pyrolysis products of Ni (II) and Pd (II) chelate complexes as catalysts for the oxygen electroreductio
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The study of the pyrolysis products of Ni (II) and Pd (II) chelate complexes as catalysts for the oxygen electroreduction reaction Sergey V. Belenov 1 & Vladimir E. Guterman 1 & Leonid D. Popov 1 & Alexey T. Kozakov 2 & Anatoly V. Nikolsky 2 & Maria V. Danilenko 1 & Olga I. Safronenko 1 & Alexey Yu. Nikulin 1 Received: 14 August 2020 / Revised: 23 October 2020 / Accepted: 25 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Nitrogen-doped carbon materials were prepared by the pyrolysis of carbon black Vulcan XC-72 impregnated with nitrogencontaining Pd (II) and Ni (II) complexes. The composition of materials was studied at different stages of their synthesis. It is shown that nanoparticles of metals and/or their oxides are not the main electroactive component of materials in the oxygen electroreduction reaction (ORR). It is established that the palladium complex provides a much more efficient doping of carbon with nitrogen compared to the nickel complex of a similar composition. This results in the high ORR electrocatalytic activity of the catalyst obtained, palladium complex being used in an alkaline medium. This material is a promising one to be used as an electrocatalyst in fuel cells with an anion-conducting membrane. Keywords Pt-free electrocatalyst . Oxygen reduction reaction . Nitrogen-doped carbon . Carbon-based electrocatalyst . Fuel cells
Introduction Fuel cells with a polymeric proton exchange membrane (PEMFC) are the promising power sources. They are used as power sources in unmanned aerial vehicles, electric vehicles, autonomous power backup systems, etc. [1]. A widespread application of PEMFC is hampered by their high cost and lack of the required infrastructure. One of the important components of PEMFC, which largely determines their cost and functional characteristics, is the catalytic layer, in which current-forming reactions take place. To date, platinum nanoparticles supported on a highly dispersed carbon carrier are used as a catalyst in commercial PEMFCs [1–3]. The cost of platinum materials is very high. Recently, there has been a growing interest in fuel cells with an anion-exchange Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-02004854-1. * Sergey V. Belenov [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Chemistry Faculty, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
2
Institute of Physics, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
membrane (AEMFC) and alkaline electrolyte [4–12]. Apparently, inexpensive Pt-free electrocatalysts could successfully compete with platinum-containing materials in AEMFC [4–15]. For example, in [12], a Pt-free electrocatalyst was obtained, which showed a peak power density of 218 mW cm−2 in AEMFC, which indicates the prospect of using such materials in commercial devices. Highly dispersed carbon materials modified with nitrogen are considered one of the promising types of such catalysts [4–15]. A number of studie
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