The Subthalamic Nucleus Part I: Development, Cytology, Topography and Connections

This monograph gives an overview of the STN. It treats the position of the STN in hemiballism, based on older and recent data. The cytology encompasses the neuronal types present in the STN in nearly all studied species and focuses on interneurons and the

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tomy, Embryology and Cell Biology

Editors F. Beck, Melbourne . F. Clascá, Madrid M. Frotscher, Freiburg . D.E. Haines, Jackson N. Hirokawa, Tokyo . Z. Kmiec, Gdansk H.-W. Korf, Frankfurt . E. Marani, Enschede R. Putz, München . Y. Sano, Kyoto T.H. Schiebler, Würzburg J.-P. Timmermans, Antwerpen

Enrico Marani, Tjitske Heida, Egbert A.J.F. Lakke, and Kamen G. Usunoff

The Subthalamic Nucleus Part I: Development, Cytology, Topography and Connections With 29 Figures

Enrico Marani Tjitske Heida Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Egbert A.J.F. Lakke Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands Kamen G. Usunoff Department of Anatomy & Histology, Medical University Sofia, 1431 Sofia Bulgaria e-mail: [email protected]

ISSN 0301-5556 ISBN 978-3-540-79459-2

e-ISBN 978-3-540-79460-8

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008927199 © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt form the relevant protecttive laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com

List of Contents

1 1.1 1.2 1.3

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hemiballism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Early Subthalamic Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ballism and the Subthalamic Nucleus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 1 2 4

2 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 2.2.6.1

6 8 11 11 11 12 13 13 14

2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.3.4.1 2.3.4.2 2.3.4.3 2.3.4.4 2.3.4.5 2.3.4.6 2.3.4.7 2.3.5 2.3.6

Cytology of the Subthalamic Nucleus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Neuronal Types Present in the Subthalamic Nucleus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .