The Subthalamic Nucleus Part II: Modelling and Simulation of Activity
This monograph gives an overview of the STN. It treats the position of the STN in hemiballism, based on older and recent data. The cytology encompasses the neuronal types present in the STN in nearly all studied species and focuses on interneurons and the
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tomy, Embryology and Cell Biology
Editors F. Beck, Melbourne . F. Clascá, Madrid M. Frotscher, Freiburg . D.E. Haines, Jackson N. Hirokawa, Tokyo . Z. Kmiec, Gdansk H.-W. Korf, Frankfurt . E. Marani, Enschede R. Putz, München . Y. Sano, Kyoto T.H. Schiebler, Würzburg J.-P. Timmermans, Antwerpen
Tjitske Heida, Enrico Marani, and Kamen G. Usunoff
The Subthalamic Nucleus Part II: Modelling and Simulation of Activity With 54 Figures
Tjitske Heida Enrico Marani Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Kamen G. Usunoff Department of Anatomy & Histology, Medical University Sofia, 1431 Sofia Bulgaria e-mail: [email protected]
ISSN 0301-5556 ISBN 978-3-540-79461-5
e-ISBN 978-3-540-79462-2
Library of Congress Control Number: 2008927199 © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt form the relevant protecttive laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com
List of Contents
1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
2 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 2.1.6 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2
The Basal Ganglia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pathways Within the Basal Ganglia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Direct Pathway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indirect Pathway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hyperdirect Pathway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Role of the Direct, Indirect, and Hyperdirect Pathways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Role of Dopamine in the Direct and Indirect Pathways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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