The Systemic Concept of Contextual Truth
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The Systemic Concept of Contextual Truth Andrzej Bielecki1 Accepted: 7 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract In this paper the truth is studied in the frame of autonomous systems theory. The method of the truth verification is worked out in its functional aspect. The verification is based on comparison of the predicted inner state of the autonomous agent, that is the cognitive subject, to the achieved inner state of the agent. The state is achieved as the result of performing the action in the real world—the agent’s environment. The action design is created on the basis of the agent’s model of the world. The truth is defined as the adequacy of the model of the real world in the context of the goal that is assumed to be reached as the effect of the performed action. The concepts of the cognitive subject, the truth bearings and the knowledge are redefined. The classical problems of aletheiology and epistemology are discussed in the light of the proposed approach. The cybernetic construct of an autonomous agent allows the researcher to consider a wide class of cognitive entities, which, in the previous approaches, have been limited only to human beings as cognitive subjects. Keywords Truth · Model of the world · Autonomous system · Cognitive agents · Empirical adequacy · Episteme versus doxa
1 Introduction In general, the whole class of the truth theories may be divided into two categories—the truth theories that refer either to the closed systems or to the open, empirically interpreted ones. The notion of closed systems may be identified, under some conditions, with deductive systems as considered in Tarski (1944) or symbolic constructive systems as in Goodman (1977). These systems contain a given subject language, usually interpreted in abstract models, but a meaning of the terms of the given language does not have to be necessary explained or even determined in detail. This concept should not be confused with the socalled semantically closed languages, which are identical to their metalanguages—see (Leitgeb 2001, pp. 297–303). In the closed systems the truth is defined inside the systems and it is not referred to the real (physical) world (Kouneiher and da Costa 2020). On the
* Andrzej Bielecki [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automation, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, Chair of Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Ave. 30, 30‑059 Cracow, Poland
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contrary, the open systems are empirically interpreted by real processes and phenomena. In such systems the reference to reality, considered in the frame of a certain correspondence, plays a crucial role. Confirmation of a given hypothesis, including scientific, is one of important problems (Kuipers 2016; Luk 2020; Schippers 2017). In this paper the problem of the truth in open systems is considered. The operationalization of the mentioned correspondence is one of the key problems. In this paper it is solved by using the a
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