The Three-body Problem from Pythagoras to Hawking

This book, written for a general readership, reviews and explains the three-body problem in historical context reaching to latest developments in computational physics and gravitation theory. The three-body problem is one of the oldest problems in science

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he Three-body Problem from Pythagoras to Hawking

The Three-body Problem from Pythagoras to Hawking

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Mauri Valtonen • Joanna Anosova • Konstantin Kholshevnikov • Aleksandr Mylla¨ri • Victor Orlov • Kiyotaka Tanikawa

The Three-body Problem from Pythagoras to Hawking

Mauri Valtonen University of Turku Turku, Finland

Joanna Anosova University of Texas Austin, Texas, USA

Konstantin Kholshevnikov St.Petersburg State University St.Petersburg, Russia

Aleksandr Mylla¨ri St.George’s University St.George’s, Grenada, West Indies

Victor Orlov St.Petersburg State University St.Petersburg, Russia

Kiyotaka Tanikawa National Astronomical Observatory Tokyo, Japan

Additional material to this book can be downloaded from http://extras.springer.com. ISBN 978-3-319-22725-2 ISBN 978-3-319-22726-9 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-22726-9

(eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016935696 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover illustration: Chaos in the three-body problem. This illustrates the sensitivity of the three-body problem to the exact initial configuration, represented by the position in the plane. Color corresponds to different geometric configurations after some three-body evolution. A small initial difference leads to very different orbital paths. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland

Preface

Writing a popular account of the three-body problem is a special challenge. The problem is as old as science in general, and contributions towards its solution have been made by an untold number of scientists. Yet we are not yet at the stage where we could declare that the problem has been solved. Another challenge is to try to convey some of the excitement of this problem to the general reader without the use of mathematics. For a problem which is studied in mathematics departments o