The underlying influencing factors of farmland transfer in urbanizing China: implications for sustainable land use goals

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The underlying influencing factors of farmland transfer in urbanizing China: implications for sustainable land use goals Heyuan You1,2 · Shenyan Wu1 · Xin Wu1 · Xuxu Guo1 · Yan Song2 Received: 11 March 2020 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020

Abstract Farmland property rights allocation such as farmland transfer has an important impact on economic development in rural areas and farmers’ livelihoods in developing countries. Examining the impacts of the external socioeconomic conditions helps realize the desired farmland transfer. This study attempts to analyze the underlying influencing factors of farmland transfer in urbanizing China. In particular, 18 underlying influencing factors are selected to describe urbanization and natural condition. Pearson correlation coefficients are computed to measure the linear relationships between underlying influencing factors and farmland transfer. The geographical detector method is further employed to quantify the individual effects of urbanization on farmland transfer and the interaction effects of urbanization on farmland transfer by assessing the degrees of spatial stratified heterogeneity. We discover that the effects of urban–rural basic living allowance gap, regional GDP per capita, urban population proportion on the proportion of transferred farmland area, proportion of farmland transferred to non-farmer users and proportion of transferred farmland cultivated non-grain crop are the strongest, respectively. The indices of urbanization level present have higher effects on farmland transfer than those of the urban–rural gap. Meanwhile, the interaction effect between two urbanization indices enhances the effect on the farmland transfer. Our study is believed to deepen the understanding of urbanization on farmland property rights allocation in rapidly urbanizing areas. It offers new insights into realizing the sustainable land use strategy in the socioeconomic transition in developing countries. Keywords  Urbanization · Farmland transfer · Sustainable development · Geographical detector method · China

1 Introduction Reasonable adjustment of farmland property rights can accelerate economic development in rural areas, and improve farmers’ livelihoods in developing countries (You 2019; Zhong et  al. 2017). Rural reform in China explains 48.64% of the agricultural output growth * Yan Song [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article

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H. You et al.

during 1978–1984, and the change from the production team system to the household responsibility system is the most important one of various rural reforms (Lin 1992). The farmers’ income associated with the rapid economic growth in rural China has raised rapidly (You 2016a). But farmland fragmentation has been a major threat to efficient agricultural production since the equal allocation of farmland (Su et al. 2014; Su et al. 2011). Small-sized farmland cannot play a role as a continuous income stream for farmers any longer. Farmland in rural ar