The use of artificial habitats increases spider abundance and richness in a vineyard of Argentina
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The use of artificial habitats increases spider abundance and richness in a vineyard of Argentina Gabriel Pompozzi . Sofı´a Copperi . Florencia Ferna´ndez Campo´n . Susana Lagos Silnik . Sol Garcı´a . Agustina Peralta . Eduardo Albrecht
Received: 26 May 2020 / Accepted: 8 October 2020 International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) 2020
Abstract Maintaining biodiversity in agricultural systems is essential, as it plays a key role in ecosystem services provision. However, it is declining at an unprecedented rate. Several methods can contribute to increasing species diversity in agroecosystems, including the use of artificial microhabitats. Studies focusing on biodiversity in vineyards have been carried out recently, mainly in Europe and North America, but are scarce in South America. In this study, we investigate whether introduced environmental variability and habitat complexity, using corrugated cardboard bands, enhances spider abundance and diversity in vineyards. Spiders were collected from grapevine plants, using two collecting methods Handling Editor: Eric Riddick G. Pompozzi (&) Seccio´n Entomologı´a, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Repu´blica, Igua´ 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay e-mail: [email protected] S. Copperi F. Ferna´ndez Campo´n S. Lagos Silnik Laboratorio de Entomologı´a, IADIZA (CCT CONICETMendoza), Mendoza, Argentina F. Ferna´ndez Campo´n Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina S. Garcı´a A. Peralta E. Albrecht Instituto de Biologı´a Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
(foliage beating and direct collection). Plants with and without cardboard bands (N = 30) were sampled in three different phenological stages of the vineyard (veraison, maturity and postharvest). Overall, we collected 904 spiders belonging to 35 species. We found that spider abundance and species richness significantly increased with cardboard bands. In addition, we identified particular species that prefer cardboard bands to build their shelters. Results suggest that cost-effective habitat manipulation can increase spider abundance in vineyards, which implies higher biodiversity conservation value and potential for improving biological control. Keywords Cardboard bands Araneae Natural predators Agroecosystems Functional guilds
Introduction Biodiversity in agroecosystems is essential for ecosystem services provision (e.g., biological control of pests, maintenance of soil nutrients, etc.) (Landis 2017; Dainese et al. 2019). A remarkable loss in biodiversity has been taking place for several decades in agricultural use areas worldwide, and this problem is far from being solved (Emmerson et al. 2016). Within plantations, natural vegetation provides shelter, places to overwinter, and food for a wide range of natural predators (Geiger et al. 2009). To increase
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biodiversity, habitat alterations that enhance structura
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