The Use of Force for State Power History and Future

This book studies force, the coercive application of power against resistance, building from Thomas Hobbes’ observation that all self-contained political orders have some ultimate authority that uses force to both dispense justice and to defend the polity

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The Use of Force for State Power

Michael Warner • John Childress

The Use of Force for State Power History and Future

Michael Warner Maryland, USA

John Childress Maryland, USA

ISBN 978-3-030-45409-8    ISBN 978-3-030-45410-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45410-4 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

To our families, who endured this

“We must understand, therefore, that particular citizens have conveyed their whole right of war and peace unto some man or council; and that this right, which we may call the sword of war, belongs to the same man or council, to whom the sword of justice of belongs.” —Thomas Hobbes, “The Citizen,” VI:7

Preface

This book extends a conversation that began in 2015. The authors pondered the ways in which despots had diminished the optimism of the 1990s, when it seemed that liberal states had established an order between nations that would confer peace and prosperity around the world. The authoritarians remaining after the Cold War were apparently unable to modernize their societies absent democratic reforms—they could not compete economically or militarily because they could not mobilize people and innovation. Isolated and left behind by globalization, they seemed destined to adopt, sooner or later, the modern technological and political tools that would ultimately transform their dictatorships and archaic societies. Such an imagined future diverged dramatically from subsequent events. To the surprise of many, the new technologies emerging at the end of the Cold War did not loosen dictato