The use of rice and coffee husks for biosorption of U (total), 241 Am, and 137 Cs in radioactive liquid organic waste
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
The use of rice and coffee husks for biosorption of U (total), 241 Am, and 137Cs in radioactive liquid organic waste Rafael Vicente de Pádua Ferreira 1 & Leandro Goulart de Araujo 2 & Rafael Luan Sehn Canevesi 3 & Edson Antonio da Silva 3 & Eduardo Gurzoni Alvares Ferreira 2 & Maurício Cesar Palmieri 1 & Júlio Takehiro Marumo 2 Received: 26 February 2020 / Accepted: 12 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Rice and coffee husks (raw and chemically activated) are examined as potential biosorption materials regarding their capacity to remove U (total), 241Am, and 137Cs. The physical parameters evaluated were the morphological characteristics of the biomass, real and apparent density, and surface area. Contact times for the batch experiments were 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h, and the concentrations tested ranged between 10% of the total concentration and the radioactive waste itself without any dilution. The results were evaluated by experimental sorption capacity, ternary isotherm, and kinetics models. The kinetics results showed that equilibrium was reached after 2 h for all biomass. Raw coffee husk showed the best adsorption results in terms of maximum capacity (qmax) for all three radionuclides, which were 1.96, 39.4 × 10−6, and 46.6 × 10−9 mg g−1 for U, Am, and Cs, respectively. The biosorption process for the raw and activated rice husks was best represented by the Langmuir ternary isotherm model with two sites. For the coffee husk, in the raw and activated states, the biosorption process was best described by the modified Jain and Snoeyink ternary model. These results suggest that biosorption with these biomaterials can be applied in the treatment of liquid organic radioactive waste containing mainly uranium and americium. Keywords Biosorption . Coffee husk . Rice husk . Uranium . Americium . Caesium
Introduction In the field of biosorption, most studies have been conducted with sorption of heavy metals and related elements, including actinides, lanthanides, and metalloids. Among biosorbents, agricultural residues stand out, being low-cost materials with Responsible editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09727-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Leandro Goulart de Araujo [email protected] 1
Itatijuca Biotech, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
2
Serviço de Gerência de Rejeitos Radioativos, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
3
Centro de Engenharias e Ciências Exatas, 645 Rua da Faculdade, Toledo, PR 85903000, Brazil
sustainable use. The literature describes the efficiency of agricultural residues in biosorption (Liao et al. 2004; Kumar and Bandyopadhyay 2006; Krishnani et al. 2008; Li et al. 2010), including rice husk and rice straw (Mishra et al. 2007; Rocha et al. 2009), and coffee husk (Oliveira et al. 2008a; Alhogbi 2017). Ric
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