The wavelet transform-domain adaptive filter for nonlinear acoustic echo cancellation
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The wavelet transform-domain adaptive filter for nonlinear acoustic echo cancellation Jitendra Raghuwanshi1
· Amit Mishra2 · Narendra Singh1
Received: 28 July 2019 / Revised: 7 June 2020 / Accepted: 15 June 2020 / © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The usage of low-quality components in communicating devices introduces acoustic nonlinearity. The presence of nonlinearity creates challenges in noise cancellation applications, especially the acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) that requires an adaptive filter of a very high order. However, the functional link adaptive filter (FLAF) algorithm models the acoustic nonlinearity efficiently but shows slow convergence performance due to a very high filter order. To improve the convergence performance of the FLAF, the wavelet transform-domain FLAF (WTD-FLAF) is proposed for nonlinear AEC (NAEC) applications. The convergence rate is improved by decomposing a higher-order adaptive filter into smaller-order subfilters. The convergence speed improvement is gained at the expense of increased computational complexity. A low complexity version of the WTD-FLAF, named as selective update WTDFLAF (SU-WTD-FLAF) algorithm, is also presented. The SU-WTD-FLAF algorithm is based on the selective coefficient update approach. Computer simulations demonstrate that the convergence performance of the proposed algorithms outperforms the standard FLAF. Keywords Nonlinear acoustic echo cancellation · Functional link · Adaptive filter · Wavelet transform
1 Introduction In recent times, the demand for low-cost cell phones has increased exponentially. To satisfy the low-cost constraint, cell phone manufacturers use low-quality components such as loudspeakers, amplifiers, analog to digital converters, covering materials, etc. The lowquality components introduce nonlinearity in the sound signal as a result, the sound quality Jitendra Raghuwanshi
[email protected] 1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, A.B. Road, Guna, India
2
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineeirng, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology (A deemed to be University), Patiala, India
Multimedia Tools and Applications
degrades [6]. Moreover, the usage of these low-cost cell phones for hands-free telephony and conference calls introduces nonlinearity in the acoustic echo path. The linear acoustic echo cancellation techniques are not enough to mitigate the effect of nonlinear acoustic echo in such devices and thus, there is a requirement of nonlinear acoustic echo cancellation (NAEC) mechanism. Various NAEC methods are presented in the literature [10, 11, 14, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 32, 34]. To model, the memoryless nonlinearity of a loudspeaker Stenger et al. [32] implemented a system consisting of a polynomial and a linear finite impulse response (FIR) filter. Uncini et al. [34] discussed the impact of loudspeaker nonlinearity and presented spline adaptive function based low complexity a
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