Theoretical and numerical analyses for PDM-IM signals using Stokes vector receivers
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. RESEARCH PAPER .
October 2020, Vol. 63 202307:1–202307:9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-019-2870-8
Theoretical and numerical analyses for PDM-IM signals using Stokes vector receivers Jiahao HUO1,2 , Xian ZHOU1,2* , Chao SHANG3 , Wei HUANGFU1 , Jinhui YUAN1 , Huansheng NING1 , Keping LONG1 , Changyuan YU2 , Alan Pak Tao LAU4 & Chao LU2 1
Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Convergence Networks and Ubiquitous Services, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; 2 Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China; 3 Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optical Information, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; 4 Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China Received 8 October 2019/Revised 15 January 2020/Accepted 13 April 2020/Published online 17 September 2020
Abstract Different from current coherent-detection-based long-haul transmission systems, inter- and intradatacenter transmissions require a simpler transmitter and receiver. A promising way to significantly meet the demands of datacenter transmission is polarization division multiplexing intensity modulation with direct detection (PDM-IM-DD) using a Stokes vector receiver (SVR). However, for different SVR architectures, the corresponding demultiplexing matrix is required to recover the Stokes vectors from the detected signals, which are combined with an arbitrary state of polarization (SOP), will change the effect of noise dynamically and significantly influence the system performance. In this study, PDM-IM signals using four SVRs, i.e., a 90◦ optical hybrid with 2 balanced photodetectors (BPDs) and 2 photodetectors (PDs), a 90◦ optical hybrid with 4 PDs, a Stokes analyzer and a 3 × 3 coupler with 4 PDs, are studied theoretically and numerically. Theoretical system models using the four SVRs are developed, and the noise power variations are analyzed quantitatively based on these models. Moreover, the performance of the systems is also investigated for 224 Gbit/s polarization division multiplexing pulse amplitude modulation 4 level with direct detection (PDM-PAM4-DD) transmission in a simulation. The simulation results show that the bit error rate (BER) performance of the systems is consistent with the theoretical noise power variation curves. The theoretical analysis scheme is helpful for the practical design of SVR-based systems. Keywords short-reach optical communications, PAM4, polarization division multiplexing, Stokes vector, direct detection Citation Huo J H, Zhou X, Shang C, et al. Theoretical and numerical analyses for PDM-IM signals using Stokes vector receivers. Sci China Inf Sci, 2020, 63(10): 202307, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-019-2870-8
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Introduction
Recently, most popular Internet applications operate in a datacenter infrastructure, including cloud computing, storage, the Internet of T
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