Theories on Train Operation in Emergencies
The destination of this chapter is to introduce the theories on train operation in emergencies. It first gives a definition of emergency and classifies the emergencies. Then it analyzes the railway transportation system in emergencies, including the syste
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Theories on Train Operation in Emergencies
Abstract The destination of this chapter is to introduce the theories on train operation in emergencies. It first gives a definition of emergency and classifies the emergencies. Then it analyzes the railway transportation system in emergencies, including the system composition, boundary, function, evolution, and reconstruction of the system. It also presents a macroscopic model of railway transport organization in emergencies, and discusses the difference between train operation organization and normal condition in emergencies. At last it proposes the train operation organization strategies in emergencies.
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Introduction on Emergencies
Emergencies and their effects have drawn researchers’ attention from all over the world. The intension and the extension of emergency are the base to study train operation in emergencies. Although the definitions of the emergencies are different today, they all emphasize the expectancy and harmfulness. A typical definition is given by the European Court of human rights. It says that emergency is a crisis or a dangerous status, which will affect all of the citizens and threat the normal life of the whole society (Qi et al. 2006). Emergency in the United States is called as critical event. It was defined as a major event under which that in any situation, anywhere in the United States the need for the federal government intervention to provide supplementary assistance, to assist state and local governments to save lives and ensure public health, safety and property or transfer disaster threat (Firenze 2001). Britain defines emergency as any situation that threatens people’s health, life, property, and the environment (Yang and Wei 2010). According to the Emergency response law of the People’s Republic of China, emergency is a natural disaster, an accident disaster, a public health event, or a social security incident, which happens suddenly, and cause or may cause serious social harm, needing to take measures to deal with.
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 L. Jia et al., Train Operation in Emergencies, Advances in High-speed Rail Technology, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-4597-4_2
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2 Theories on Train Operation in Emergencies
The generalized contingencies are classified into four categories, as follows: (1) Natural disasters, including floods and droughts, meteorological disaster, earthquake disaster, geological disaster, marine disasters, biological disasters, and forest and grassland fires; (2) Accidents and disasters, including industrial and commercial enterprises, such as various types of safety accidents, traffic accidents, public facilities and equipment accidents, environmental pollution and ecological damage events, etc.; (3) Public health events, mainly including the epidemic situation of infectious diseases, unexplained diseases, food safety and occupational hazards, animal epidemic situation, and other serious impact on public health and life safety; (4) Social security incidents, including terrorist attacks, economic securi
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