Theory and Background
SINCE its inception in the beginning of the 20th century, quantum mechanics has been subject to continuous discussion and controversy. In this chapter, we will give both a historical and technical overview of some particular aspect of this controversy, na
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Jochen Szangolies
Testing Quantum Contextuality The Problem of Compatibility
Jochen Szangolies Siegen, Germany
BestMasters ISBN 978-3-658-09199-6 ISBN 978-3-658-09200-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-09200-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015933641 Springer Spektrum © Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci¿cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro¿lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci¿c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer Spektrum is a brand of Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
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Foreword
A
central insight of modern quantum physics is that randomness in the quantum regime has a different nature than in the classical world. In classical theories such as statistical mechanics randomness is explained by missing knowledge on the initial conditions or physical processes. In the quantum regime, however, this view can become problematic. If randomness is caused by ignorance, one assumes that there are additional parameters which determine the process and the randomness disappears for observers knowing these parameters. John Bell, however, showed in 1964 that models with hidden parameters must be non-local, if they should reproduce the predictions of quantum mechanics. The corresponding violation of Bell’s inequalities has been observed experimentally, ruling out certain types of hid
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