Thermal biology of Tuta absoluta: demographic parameters and facultative diapause
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Thermal biology of Tuta absoluta: demographic parameters and facultative diapause Mateus Ribeiro de Campos1 · Philippe Béarez1 · Edwige Amiens‑Desneux1 · Luigi Ponti2,3 · Andrew Paul Gutierrez3,4 · Antonio Biondi5 · Abhijin Adiga6 · Nicolas Desneux1 Received: 9 June 2020 / Revised: 4 September 2020 / Accepted: 21 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta, (SATP) is now a devastating pest worldwide of crops in the family Solanaceae. Most prior studies of SATP’s thermal biology were based on populations from tropical regions, and proved unsuitable for explaining its invasion of large areas of the Palearctic. A more holistic approach to the analysis of its thermal biology is essential background for developing models to assess its invasive potential. Our studies found that SATP has lower and upper thermal thresholds (θL = 5.37 °C and θU = 35.69 °C, respectively) than South American populations used in prior studies (θL = 7.38 °C and θU = 33.82 °C). Age-specific life tables were used to estimate the effects of temperature on its demographic parameters. Diapause in SATP had not been characterized prior to our study. We found facultative diapause in pupae developing from larvae exposed to relatively low temperatures (i.e., 2 and 5 °C) and short-day length for different exposure periods. The strength of diapause was measured as an increase in post-treatment developmental times of pupae (i.e., degree days) that on average were 2.45–3-fold greater than of pupae reared at favorable temperatures. A lower developmental threshold and a facultative diapause increase the invasive potential of SATP in temperate areas. Knowledge of this thermal biology is essential for predicting the potential geographic spread of this pest and to develop management and control strategies. Keywords Invasive pest · Thermal biology · Temperature thresholds · Diapause · Phenotypic plasticity · Geographic variation Abbreviations SATP South American tomato pinworm θL Lower temperature threshold θU Upper temperature threshold R0 Net reproductive rate λ Finite rate of increase rm Intrinsic rate of increase τ Generation time K Degree-day T Temperature dl Minutes day length E Exposure periods Communicated by M. Traugott .
Key messages • Demographic parameters estimated at different temper-
atures show that T. absoluta has a rapid developmental time and can reproduce at temperatures close to the development threshold. • T. absoluta from a temperate region (France) has a lower temperature threshold for development than strains from tropical regions in South America, but this awaits independent confirmation as it has important ecological implications for its invasive capacities. • Facultative diapause in T. absoluta was confirmed experimentally in response to low non freezing temperatures, day length and exposure periods.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-020-
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