Theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation induced functional connectivity changes between dorsolateral prefrontal co
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Theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation induced functional connectivity changes between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and default-mode-network Yuanqi Shang 1 & Da Chang 1 & Jian Zhang 1 & Wei Peng 1 & Donghui Song 1 & Xin Gao 1 & Ze Wang 2
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Functional connectivity (FC) is fundamental to brain function and has been implicated in many neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric disorders. It is then of great scientific and clinical interest to find a non-invasive approach to modulate FC. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulational tool that can affect the target region and remote brain areas. While the distributed effects of TMS are postulated to be through either structural or functional connectivity, an understudied but of great scientific interest question is whether TMS can change the FC between these regions. The purpose of this study was to address this question in normal healthy brain using TMS with continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) pulses, which are known to have long-lasting inhibition function. FC was calculated from resting state fMRI before and after real and control (SHAM) stimulation. Compared to SHAM, the repetitive TMS (rTMS) reduces FC between the cTBS target: the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) and brain regions within the default mode network (DMN), proving the effects of rTMS on FC. The reduction of FC might be the results of the inhibitory effects of cTBS rTMS. Keywords Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) . Functional connectivity . Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex . Default mode network . Cerebral blood flow (CBF)
Introduction Functional connectivity (FC) refers to the temporal coherence of brain activity from spatially distributed brain regions (Friston 1994) and is now widely measured through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). As human brain is a highly integrated complex network, FC remains fundamental to brain functions and their alterations in brain disorders. Since the seminal work by Biswal and colleagues (Biswal et al. 1995, 1997), consistent FC patterns have been identified using fMRI in normal brain involving a few brain networks including the default mode network, the primary visual network, auditory network, and higher order cognitive networks (Biswal et al. 1997; Cordes et al. 2000, 2002; Damoiseaux * Ze Wang [email protected] 1
Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Institutes of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
2
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W St, Room 1173, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
et al. 2006; De Luca et al. 2005; Fox and Raichle 2007; Greicius et al. 2003; Lowe et al. 1998, 2000; van den Heuvel et al. 2008; Xiong et al. 1999). Meanwhile, numerous studies have shown alterations of FC in many neurological and psychiatric disorders (Greicius 2008; Zhang and Raichle 2010), raising a question of great scientific an
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