Thinking and Doing The Philosophical Foundations of Institutions
Philosophy is the search for the large patterns of the world and of the large patterns of experience, perceptual, theoretical, . . . , aesthetic, and practical - the patterns that, regardless of specific contents, characterize the main types of experience
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HECTOR-NERI CASTANEDA The Mahlon Powell Professor of Philosophy, Indiana University
Editor of Noils
THINKING AND DOING The Philosophical Foundations of Institutions
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D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY DORDRECHT : HOLLAND / BOSTON: U.S.A. LONDON:ENGLAND
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Castaneda Calderon, Hector Neri. Thinking and doing. (Philosophical studies series in philosophy; v. 7) Includes bibliographical references and indexes. 1. Thought and thinking. 2. Act (Philosophy) 3. Deontic logic. I. Title. BF455.C34 120 75-16169 ISBN-13: 978-90-277-1375-9 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-010-9888-5 DOl: 10.1 007/978-94-010-9888-5
Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company, P. O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Holland. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Boston Inc., 190 Old Derby Street, Hingham, MA 02043, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, Holland. D. Reidel Publishing Company is a member of the Kluwer Group.
Also published in 1975 in hardbound edition by Reidel in the series Philosophical Studies Series in Philosophy, Volume 7
All Rights Reserved Copyright © 1975,1982 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner
To Sara, Miriam, Xmucane, Kicab, Hector-Neri, Omar, and Quetzil
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PREFACE
XV
1: Introduction: Tasks and Problems The Foundations of Normative Systems and Institutions Practical Thinking Our Six Types of Philosophical Problems Practical Language Conventions on Quotation Marks
CHAPTER
1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
XIII
1
5 10 16 19
PART I THE LOGICO-ONTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE REPRESENTATIONAL IMAGE OF PRACTICAL THINKING CHAPTER
2: Practical Thinking: Dramatis Personae
1. Deliberation
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Propositions Mandates Prescriptions Intentions Practitions Normatives or Deontic Judgments
3: Propositional Structure and Propositional Implication Propositional Forms Truth Reasoning Three Approaches to Implication A. The Semantical Approach 5. Truth-Functional Connections
CHAPTER
1. 2. 3. 4.
25 25 32 36 39 41 43 45 53 53 55 58 60 61
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VIII
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
English Semantical Connectives 'If', 'Only if', and'::::>' Logical Form Semantical Implication Semantical Equivalence Logical Truths: Tautologies B. The Inferential Approach The Nature of the Approach Connective Deducibility C. Implication and Deducibility Equivalence of Implication and Deducibility Inferential English Connectives D. The Analytic Approach The Nature of the Approach E. Axioms, Implication, and Deducibility The Equivalence of the Three Approaches F. Propositional Quantification Quantifiers and Propo
