Three-dimensional structure of wood An Ultrastructural Approach
Nine years ago saw the publication of the first version of Three-dimensional Structure of Wood: A scanning electron microscope study [95]. This book contained 59 scanning electron micrographs and a modest text outlining the basic structure of wood_ When w
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Three-dimensional structure of wood AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL APPROACH B. G. BUTTERFIELD Botany Department University of Canterbury Christchurch, New Zealand
and
B. A. MEYLAN Physics and Engineering Laboratory Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Lower Hutt, New Zealand SECOND EDITION
LONDON
1980 NEW YORK
CHAPMAN AND HALL 150TH ANNIVERSARY
Contents Preface
First published 1972 Second edition 1980 Published by Chapman and Hall Ltd, 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Published in the U.S.A. by Chapman and Hall in association with Methuen, Inc., 733 Third Avenue, New York NY 10017
© 1972 B. A. Meylan and B. G. Butterfield, © 1980 B. G. Butterfield and B. A. Meylan Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1980 Typeset by Scarborough Typesetting Services and printed in Great Britain by Shenval Press Ltd, London and Harlow ISBN 978-94-011-8148-8 ISBN 978-94-011-8146-4 (eBook) DOl 10.1007/978-94-011-8146-4 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted, or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Meylan, Brian Augustus Three-dimensional structure of wood. - 2nd ed. 1. Wood - Anatomy - Atlases I. Title II. Butterfield, Brian Geoffrey 674' .12 QK647 80-49953
page 5
1
The structure of wood
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
The cell wall Cell wall pitting Wall sculpturing Trabeculae Cell inclusions
8 9 16 20 22
2
The structure of softwoods
28
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8
Growth increments Tracheids and tracheid pitting Tracheid wall thickenings Rays Axial parenchyma Strand tracheids Resin canals Compression wood
28 34 38 38 40 42 42 44
3
The structure of palmwood
48
4
The structure of hardwoods
56
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12
Growth increments Vessel perforations Vessel pitting Vascular and vasicentric tracheids Fibres Axial parenchyma Rays Gums and gum ducts Tyloses Included phloem Storeyed wood Tension wood
58 60 66 68 70 74 78 82 84 86 88 90
References
94
Index
6
100
Preface Nine years ago saw the publication of the first version of Three-dimensional Structure of Wood: A scanning electron microscope study [95]. This book contained 59 scanning electron micrographs and a modest text outlining the basic structure of wood_ When we wrote it in 1970, the scanning electron microscope was still something of a novelty (the first commercially produced SEM only coming on the market in 1965) and its use as an instrument in serious wood research was still treated by many with a good deal of suspicion. Such suspicions were not without foundation for indeed the first Three-dimensional Structure of Wood was put together from a somewhat paltry collection of a few hundred scanning electron micrographs of wood taken over a two year period. The last decade has seen some remarkable developments in the general un
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