Thrombolysis in Pulmonary Embolism

This book provides an up-to-date review of the use of thrombolytic therapy in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism. It discusses the mechanisms of thrombosis; pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the most commonly used fibrinolytics; evidence-bas

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Carlos Jerjes-Sánchez

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Thrombolysis in Pulmonary Embolism

Carlos Jerjes-Sánchez

Thrombolysis in Pulmonary Embolism

Carlos Jerjes-Sánchez, MD, FCCP, FACC Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, Nivel II – Clinical Research Director Instituto de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, TEC Salud Escuela de Medicina, Tecnológico de Monterrey San Pedro Garza Garcia, Nuevo León, Mexico Unidad de Investigacion Clinica en Medicina SC Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico

ISBN 978-3-319-19706-7 ISBN 978-3-319-19707-4 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-19707-4

(eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015943833 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

To my friend, companion, accomplice, and wife, Alicia, and my two dear children and friends, Carlos and Alicia, and to the life we have lived together.

Preface

In spite of all the advances achieved in terms of anticoagulation, antiplatelets, thrombolysis, and pharmaco-invasive and mechanical therapeutic approaches, acute vascular syndromes including acute ischemic syndromes, stroke, and pulmonary embolism are the three major causes of death and disability in developed and developing countries. Pulmonary embolism often does not receive the attention it deserves, in part because the symptoms of this disorder are similar to other more frequent cardiovascular conditions such as acute heart failure and acute coronary syndromes. Recognized cases of pulmonary embolism constitute only a minority of the episodes that occur due to the elusiveness of the diagnosis, with the condition frequently undetected until the patient dies. Therefore, pharmacologic thrombolysis can be considered one of the most important advances in the field of cardiovascular therapeutics. Currently, in ST-elevation myocardial infarction, fi