Thymalin: Activation of Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells
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Cell Technologies in Biology and Medicine, No. 3, November, 2020
Thymalin: Activation of Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells
V. Kh. Khavinson1,2, N. S. Linkova1,3, I. M. Kvetnoy1, V. O. Polyakova1, A. O. Drobintseva1, T. V. Kvetnaia1, and O. M. Ivko1 Translated from Kletochnye Tekhnologii v Biologii i Meditsine, No. 3, pp. 158-163, September, 2020 Original article submitted June 26, 2020 Thymalin is a polypeptide complex isolated from the thymus and regulating the functions of the immune system. Thymalin is effective in therapy of acute respiratory syndrome, chronic obstructive bronchitis, and other immunopathology. Thymalin increases functional activity of T lymphocytes, but the targeted molecular mechanism of its biological activity requires further study. We studied the influence of thymalin on differentiation of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and expression of CD28 molecule involved in the implementation of antiviral immunity in COVID-19 infection. It was found that thymalin reduced the expression of CD44 (stem cell marker) and CD117 (molecule of the intermediate stage of HSC differentiation) by 2-3 times and increased the expression of CD28 (marker of mature T lymphocytes) by 6.8 times. This indirectly indicates that thymalin stimulated differentiation of CD117+ cells into mature CD28+T lymphocytes. It is known that in patients with severe COVID-19, the number of CD28+, CD4+, CD8+T lymphocytes in the blood decreased, which attested to a pronounced suppression of immunity. It is possible that the antiviral effect of thymalin consists in compensatory stimulation of HSC differentiation into CD28+T lymphocytes at the stage of immunity suppression in unfavorable course of viral infection. Thymalin can be considered as an immunoprotective peptide drug for the prevention of COVID-19. Key Words: thymalin; peptides; hematopoietic stem cells; cell differentiation; COVID-19 The search for effective and safe antiviral agents has now become a priority task in molecular biology and medicine. In March 2020, the World Health Organization recognized COVID-19 (a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) as a pandemic. Currently, there are no effective specific treatments for COVID-19. One of the pathogenetic factors in the development of COVID-19 is activation of the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines by lung macrophages, which in severe cases 1 Department of Biogerontology, St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, Russia; 2Group of Peptide Regulation and Aging, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; 3Department of Therapy, Geriatrics, and Anti-Aging Medicine, Academy of Postgraduate Education under Federal Research Clinical Center of Federal MedicalBiological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia. Address for correspondence: [email protected]. N. S. Linkova
leads to the development of an inflammatory reaction and distress syndrome. In severe form of COVID-19, the i
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