Time-dependent degradation behaviour of phosphate glass fibre reinforced composites with different fibre architecture
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Time-dependent degradation behaviour of phosphate glass fibre reinforced composites with different fibre architecture Chenkai Zhu1 · Jinsong Liu1 · Yan Zhang2 · Qun Zu2 · Chris Rudd3 · Xiaoling Liu1
Received: 16 June 2019 / Accepted: 28 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract In this study, biodegradable Polylactic acid (PLA) composites reinforced with phosphate glass fibres (PGF) using different fibre architecture (UUU, CCC, UCU and CUC) were prepared via compression moulding process. The maximum initial flexural strength and modulus were observed for unidirectional (UD) fibre reinforced composites (UUU), whereas CCC composites with thoroughly chopped fibre reinforcement exhibited the lowest values. The sandwich structure of UCU composite with 50% UD reinforcement in the skin and 50% chopped fibre in core exhibited similar flexural properties in comparison to UUU composites, meeting the flexural property requirements of cortical bone. Furthermore, the degradation behaviour and mechanical performance of composites with different fibre architecture were analysed during the degradation process for 28 days. The UUU composites showed the most rapid degradation of the flexural performance. Meanwhile, a lower reduction of flexural properties was observed for UCU composites due to less susceptibility to wicking in discontinuous fibres. As such, the UCU composite could provide near flexural performance with better retention of properties during the degradation. Keywords Phosphate glass fibre · Composites · Mixed fibre architecture · Degradation behaviour · Mechanical performance
1 Introduction Traditional internal fixation device used for orthopaedic fracture treatment usually employed metallic materials to provide the reduction of the bone fragments with sufficient strength to stabilise and support the fracture (Navarro et al. 2008; Ratner et al. 2014). However, metallic
B X. Liu
[email protected]
1
University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo, 315100, China
2
Nanjing Fiberglass Research & Design Institute, Sinoma Co., Ltd., 198 Tongtian Road, Nanjing, 211100, China
3
James Cook University, 149 Sims Drive, 387380, Singapore, Singapore
Mech Time-Depend Mater
materials with high stiffness can result in issues such as “stress shielding”, mainly because the majority of the load is taken by the bone plate rather than by the bone itself (Huang 2005; Yu et al. 2011). As such, several re-fracture cases have been reported after internal fixation with metallic bone plates (Schwyzer et al. 1985; Wolff 1884). Additionally, the disadvantage of needing removal via second surgery could not be avoided after fracture healing (Bitar et al. 2004). Polymers, including polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactic acid (PLA), have presented full biodegradation behaviour with good cytocompatibility (Prabhakar et al. 2005; Khan et al. 2009; Elsawy et al. 2017; Cuadri and Martín-Alfonso 2018). However, polymers alone have insufficient mechanical properties to match the mechanical performance re
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