Time Difference of Arrival Based Cancer Tumor Localization Using Magnetic Nano Particles Induced Acoustic Signals
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Time Difference of Arrival Based Cancer Tumor Localization Using Magnetic Nano Particles Induced Acoustic Signals Adi Tsalach1, Idan Steinberg1 and Israel Gannot1 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Israel ABSTRACT Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide, especially in developed countries.Early detection of the cancer can greatly increase both survival rates and quality of life for patients. A magnto-acoustic based method had been previously proposed for early tumor detection, in a minimal invasive procedure, using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). However, in order to accompany tumor identification with immediate treatment, a complementary tumor localization algorithm was needed. Therefore, our objective was to measure the acoustic signals generated by the MNP conjugated tumor in an optimal multi sensor array and estimate the 3D location of the tumor in real time. A Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) based localization algorithm was developed, and implemented in computerized simulations on the breast tissue geometry. Tumor localization feasibility and the hyperbolic positioning algorithm performance were evaluated. Overall performance yielded localization with a median Euclidean distance of 2.8mm. Such performance indicates that tumor localization was estimated with high accuracy, and suggests that the combination of magneto-acoustic detection along with a TDOA based localization algorithm can produce an efficient tumor diagnostic system. It enables the detection of tumor presence, as well as the triangulation of its location, and can be further developed into a powerful “image and treat” system. INTRODUCTION Nanotechnology in general and the use of biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in particular, offer some attractive possibilities in biomedicine. Their nanometric size combined with magnetic properties can be utilized for different medical applications, improving existing applications or opening the door for new ones. Common applications are targeted drug delivery [1-3] and magnetic cell separation [4, 5]. One of the most exciting and appealing applications is the use of these (MNPs) for cancer detection and treatment. Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide, especially in developed countries. In the US, it is considered the second leading cause of death, accounting for one in every four deaths [6]. Early detection of the cancer can greatly increase both survival rates and quality of life for patients. Modern medicine aims to integrate the detection process with a consecutive treatment at the same session to achieve high efficiency treatment. However, current detection methods (e.g. CT, mammography, PSA test etc.) are insufficient mainly due to their either high costs or low accuracy and use of ionizing radiation. Hence, the use of MNPs conjugated with dedicated antibodies for the detection of cancer has drawn extensive attention in the last few years [7-10] and evolved extremely. These nanoparticles are often coated with unique antigens, allowing them to bind spe
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