Time domain (TD)-NMR relaxometry as a tool to investigate the cell integrity of tomato seeds exposed to osmotic stress (
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Time domain (TD)-NMR relaxometry as a tool to investigate the cell integrity of tomato seeds exposed to osmotic stress (OS), ultrasonication (US) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) Kubra Unal1,2 • Hami Alpas1 • Hakan Aktas3 • Mecit H. Oztop1
Revised: 17 February 2020 / Accepted: 2 April 2020 Ó Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2020
Abstract NMR relaxometry was used to investigate the proton relaxation distribution of the tomato seeds and analyze the damages of the three different processes on the cell membrane integrity of the tomato seed. Tomato seeds were subjected to osmotic stress (OS) (10, 20, 30% NaCl solutions), ultrasonication (US) (5, 10 and 20 min) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) (300, 400 and 500 MPa for 15 min at 20 °C). Four peaks were observed in the NMR relaxation spectra of tomato seeds due to multiexponential relation behavior of the plant cell. Each peak corresponds to different water proton compartment within the cell. According to the results, all the three treatments resulted in cell permeabilization and disruption of cellular compartmentalization. Among the treatments, HHP at 500 MPa for 15 min at 20 °C resulted in the most detrimental effect in the cell structure and OS treatment with 10% NaCl solution caused the least changes in the cell structure. In order to further analyze the extent of damage to the cell, tomato seeds exposed to OS, US and HHP were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These results have demonstrated that NMR relaxometry is a useful tool to investigate the cell integrity of tomato seeds subjected to different treatments.
& Mecit H. Oztop [email protected] 1
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
2
Turkish Patent and Trademark Office, 13 Hipodrom Street, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
3
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology, Isparta University of Applied Science, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
Keywords Plant seed NMR relaxometry T2 relaxation time Osmotic stress (OS) Ultrasonication (US) High hydrostatic pressure (HHP)
Introduction Seeds play a very important role in agriculture by providing most of the world’s food requirement. They are responsible of propagation and determination of the genetic potential of the new crops. The ability to germinate living and resistant seedlings depends on the parameters of the seed quality for propagation (Bewley 2002). Plant seeds contain an embryo surrounded by a relatively hard and brittle endosperm and a thin testa. Cells that compose the plant seed tissue have a basic eukaryotic cell structure and consist of a nucleus, cytoplasm and subcellular organelles which are all bounded by the cell membrane and cell wall. The cell membrane is a thin semi-permeable membrane that covers the cytoplasm of a cell. Mature viable plant cells involve a large central water-filled vacuole capable of occupying 80–90% of the cell’s total volume and enveloped by the tonoplast, a vacuolar m
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