Tolerance of Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae) to potassium fluoride: physiological and anatomical traits
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Tolerance of Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae) to potassium fluoride: physiological and anatomical traits Thaís Andrade de Carvalho Silva1 · Sebastião Carvalho Vasconcelos‑Filho1 · Arthur Almeida Rodrigues1,2 · Douglas Almeida Rodrigues1,2 · Luciana Minervina de Freitas Moura3 · Izadora Andrade Gonçalves1 · Alan Carlos Costa3 · Efraim Lázaro Reis4 · Leandro Carlos1 · Caroline Müller3 Received: 23 October 2019 / Revised: 7 September 2020 / Accepted: 9 September 2020 © Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków 2020
Abstract Fluoride (F) is considered one of the most phytotoxic pollutants, even when present in low concentrations. When dispersed in the air, F can be transported to about 100 km from the polluting source, reaching plants, animals and humans and causing serious damage. Nevertheless, studies are still scarce on the effect of fluoride in Cerrado species integrating morphological, anatomical and physiological responses. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of simulated rainfall containing potassium fluoride (KF) on Hancornia speciosa leaves and roots, to determine its bioaccumulator potential. Young plants at approximately 45 days of emergence were treated daily with simulated KF rain at four concentrations (0, 4, 8 and 12 mg L−1), and four replicates. The experiment was carried out for 40 days, in completely randomized design. After KF exposure, visual, morphological and chlorophyll a fluorescence analyses were performed, alongside fluoride accumulation assessments in roots and shoots. Hancornia speciosa did not present any visual, anatomical and physiological symptoms in response to fluoride; however, it showed an accumulation of phenolic compounds in mesophyll root and leaf cells in all treatments. Physiological characteristic preservation and fluoride accumulation in roots and leaves allow us to suggest that Hancornia speciosa displays tolerance potential at the investigated doses. Keywords Bioaccumulator · Atmospheric pollution · Mangaba · Photosynthesis · Chlorophyll a fluorescence · Phenolic compounds
Introduction
Communicated by R. Baczek-Kwinta. * Arthur Almeida Rodrigues [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Plant Anatomy, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFGoiano), Campus Rio Verde, PO Box 66, Rio Verde, GO 75901‑970, Brazil
2
Laboratory of Seeds, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFGoiano), Campus Rio Verde, Av. Sul Goiânia, Zona Rural, s/n, PO Box 66, Rio Verde, GO 75901‑970, Brazil
3
Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Plant Productivity, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFGoiano), Campus Rio Verde, PO Box 66, Rio Verde, GO 75901‑970, Brazil
4
Chemistry Department, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG 36570‑900, Brazil
Air quality in developing countries has become a concern in recent years. The atmosphere has become increasingly contaminated from rapid increases in vehicular traffic and it
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